TABLE 2:

Factors associated with frequent opioid use in children with acute recurrent or chronic pancreatitis, multivariate analysis^*

Independent Variable	Odds Ratio	(95% CI)	p-value
Age at enrollment (per 5 years)	1.67	(1.13, 2.47)	0.010
Region
West	1.29	(0.64, 2.60)	0.470
Northeast/South	0.47	(0.19, 1.16)	0.101
Outside the U.S.	0.29	(0.09, 0.95)	0.041
Midwest	REF	--	--
Anti-depressant use	2.42	(0.82, 7.10)	0.108
Exocrine insufficiency	2.44	(1.13, 5.24)	0.023
ER visits past year (per 1 additional visit)	1.08	(0.98, 1.17)	0.127
Constant and severe pain†	4.14	(2.06 - 8.34)	<0.0001
Pain impact average score, across all 6 domains reported (per +1) ‡	1.62	(1.28, 2.06)	<0.0001

^*Reported analysis includes n=427, using multiple imputations (10 imputed data sets) to account for missing data in each of the variables included in the model except Region, which had no missing data.

^†Includes children who reported “constant severe pain” or “constant mild/moderate pain with episodes of severe pain,” as detailed in Table 1.

^‡Pain impact average score was the average of all 6 pain impact questions, in those who answered at least 4 items. An average score of zero was assigned to those without pain.