Table 1.
Baseline demographic characteristics of the study participants.
| Characteristics | Values | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 69.35 (11.15) | |
| Sex, n |
|
|
|
|
Male | 34 |
|
|
Female | 32 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SE) | 22.17 (1.69) | |
| Clinical history, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
Hypertension | 37 (56) |
| Coronary heart disease | 11 (17) | |
| Valvular heart disease | 11 (17) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 32 (48) | |
| Cardiomyopathy | 23 (35) | |
| Diabetes | 22 (33) | |
| Medications, n (%) | ||
|
|
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker | 36 (55) |
| Beta blocker | 40 (61) | |
| Diuretic | 32 (48) | |
| Digitalis | 21 (32) | |
| Ivabradine | 0 (0) | |
| Device, n (%) | ||
|
|
Cardiac resynchronization therapy | 3 (5) |
| New York Heart Association, n (%) | ||
|
|
I | 11 (17) |
| II | 32 (48) | |
| III | 23 (35) | |
| IV | 0 (0) | |
| Education, n (%) | ||
|
|
Less than high school | 51 (77) |
| High school degree or more | 15 (23) | |
| Home caregiver, n (%) | ||
|
|
Spouse | 34 (52) |
| Relative | 21 (32) | |
| Other | 11 (17) | |
| Monthly income (CNY $), n (%) | ||
|
|
≤400 | 31 (47) |
| 400-800 | 21 (32) | |
| ≥800 | 14 (21) | |