Table 3.
Characteristics of study participants
| Characteristic | Accessed primary care-based mental health care (n = 300) Number (%) |
Did not access mental health care (n = 61) Number (%) |
Statistical significance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test statistic (degrees of freedom) | P-value | |||
| Socio-demographic | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–24 | 65 (21.7) | 13 (21.1) | z − 0.78 (1) | 0.44b |
| 25–34 | 80 (26.7) | 23 (38.0) | ||
| 35–44 | 79 (26.3) | 12 (19.7) | ||
| 45–59 | 55 (18.3) | 8 (13.1) | ||
| 60+ | 21 (7.0) | 5 (8.0) | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 173 (57.4) | 37 (60.6) | χ2 0.21 (1) | 0.64 |
| Female | 128 (42.5) | 24 (39.3) | ||
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 60 (20.0) | 4 (6.6) | χ2 6.28 (1) | 0.01 |
| Rural | 240 (80.0) | 57 (93.4) | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 102 (33.8) | 17 (27.8) | χ2 0.83 (1) | 0.36 |
| Not married | 199 (66.1) | 44 (72.1) | ||
| Education | ||||
| Formal education | 144 (47.8) | 30 (49.1) | χ2 0.04 (1) | 0.85 |
| Non-literate | 157 (52.1) | 31 (50.8) | ||
| Distance from health centre | ||||
| 60 min or less | 193 (84.2) | 36 (15.72) | z 1.26 (1) | 0.21b |
| 61–120 min | 60 (81.0) | 14 (18.9) | ||
| 121–180 min | 36 (90.0) | 4 (10.0) | ||
| More than 180 min | 11 (61.1) | 7 (38.8) | ||
| Religion | ||||
| Orthodox Christian | 271 (90.3) | 57 (93.4) | χ2 1.01 (2) | 0.60 |
| Muslim | 10 (3.2) | 2 (3.8) | ||
| Protestant/other | 20 (6.4) | 2 (3.8) | ||
| Social support | ||||
| Intermediate or good | 206 (69.3) | 41 (67.2) | χ2 0.11 (1) | 0.74 |
| Poor | 91 (30.6) | 20 (32.7) | ||
| Discrimination (total score on DISC-12) | Median 4 (25th centile 1, 75th centile 8) | Median 3 (25th centile 0, 75th centile 9) | χ2 0.23 (1) | 0.63c |
| Poverty index (0 to 8)a | Mean 4.2 (SD 1.8) | Mean 4.4 (SD 1.9) | t 0.66 (352) | 0.51 |
| Clinical | N (%) | N (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical/sensory impairment (“great deal of difficulty”) | ||||
| Mobility | 26 (8.6) | 7 (11.5) | χ2 0.18 (1) | 0.68 |
| Using hands or fingers | 19 (6.3) | 6 (9.8) | ||
| Seeing | 4 (1.3) | 1 (1.6) | ||
| Hearing | 19 (6.3) | 1 (1.6) | ||
| Hazardous alcohol use | ||||
| AUDIT < 8 | 221 (73.4) | 44 (72.1) | χ2 0.04 (1) | 0.84 |
| AUDIT ≥ 8 | 80 (26.5) | 17 (27.8) | ||
| Disability (total score on WHODAS 12) | Mean 35.7 (SD 11.5) | Mean 30.5 (SD 13.6) |
t 3.13 (df 356) |
< 0.01 |
WHODAS 12 World Health Organization Disability assessment Schedule, SD standard deviation, PHQ Patient Health Questionnaire, AUDIT Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Checklist
aPoverty index = composite including type of roof, kitchen, having mobile phone, television, radio, access to electricity, sanitation, and source of water
bTest for trend
cKruskal–Wallis equality-of-populations rank test