Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics of the Overall Patient Cohort and of Risk-Stratified Quartilesa
| Quartile | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variableb | Overall (N = 654) | 1 (n = 164) | 2 (n = 164) | 3 (n = 163) | 4 (n = 163) |
| Age, y | 73.1 ± 5.9 | 68.7 ± 3.3 | 72.2 ± 4.6 | 74.5 ± 5.6 | 77.0 ± 6.3 |
| Weight, kg | 84.6 ± 17.6 | 86.8 ± 16.8 | 84.3 ± 16.2 | 83.5 ± 17.6 | 83.6 ± 19.6 |
| Height, cm | 171.9 ± 10.6 | 173.0 ± 9.8 | 171.5 ± 10.2 | 171.2 ± 11.8 | 171.8 ± 10.6 |
| Creatinine (most recent), mg/dL | 1.22 ± 0.96 | 0.95 ± 0.21 | 0.99 ± 0.27 | 1.21 ± 0.98 | 1.76 ± 1.49 |
| Ejection fraction (most recent) | 0.509 ± 0.140 | 0.575 ± 0.08 | 0.531 ± 0.119 | 0.494 ± 0.149 | 0.434 ± 0.160 |
| Mean aortic gradient, mm Hg | 14.9 ± 0.9 | 14.9 ± 0.9 | 15.0 ± 0.8 | 15.0 ± 1.0 | 15.0 ± 1.0 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 467 (71.4) | 129 (78.7) | 113 (68.9) | 114 (69.9) | 111 (68.1) |
| Female | 187 (28.6) | 35 (21.4) | 51 (31.1) | 49 (30.1) | 52 (31.9) |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 583 (89.1) | 149 (90.9) | 150 (91.5) | 144 (88.3) | 140 (85.9) |
| Black | 60 (9.2) | 7 (4.3) | 14 (8.5) | 17 (10.4) | 22 (13.5) |
| Hispanic | 2 (0.3) | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Asian | 6 (0.9) | 4 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) |
| Other | 3 (0.5) | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) |
| Dialysis (current) | 15 (2.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 14 (8.6) |
| Diabetes | |||||
| Insulin dependent | 101 (15.4) | 4 (2.4) | 18 (11.0) | 32 (19.6) | 47 (28.8) |
| Noninsulin dependent | 172 (26.3) | 36 (22.0) | 50 (30.5) | 44 (27.0) | 42 (25.8) |
| Chronic lung disease (moderate-severe) | 36 (5.5) | 0 (0) | 8 (4.9) | 6 (3.7) | 22 (13.5) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | |||||
| Carotid occlusion >75% | 20 (3.1) | 2 (1.2) | 5 (3.0) | 7 (4.3) | 6 (3.7) |
| Previous carotid operation | 32 (4.9) | 2 (1.2) | 4 (2.4) | 14 (8.6) | 12 (7.4) |
| CVA or TIA | 103 (15.7) | 2 (1.2) | 18 (11.0) | 34 (20.9) | 49 (30.1) |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | 23 (3.5) | 2 (1.2) | 2 (1.2) | 6 (3.7) | 13 (8.0) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 181 (27.7) | 16 (9.8) | 32 (19.5) | 54 (33.1) | 79 (48.5) |
| Cigarette smoking | |||||
| Current (<1 month ago) | 108 (16.5) | 8 (4.9) | 30 (18.3) | 29 (17.8) | 41 (25.2) |
| Past (>1 month ago) | 318 (48.6) | 75 (45.7) | 77 (47.0) | 80 (49.1) | 86 (52.8) |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter (≤2 weeks) | 83 (12.7) | 4 (2.4) | 13 (7.9) | 20 (12.3) | 46 (28.2) |
| CHF/NYHA class (≤2 weeks) | |||||
| NYHA class IV | 86 (13.2) | 2 (1.2) | 13 (7.9) | 28 (17.2) | 43 (26.4) |
| NYHA class I-III | 67 (10.2) | 1 (0.6) | 8 (4.9) | 15 (9.2) | 43 (26.4) |
| Prior cardiac operation | |||||
| 1 prior operation | 19 (2.9) | 4 (2.4) | 4 (2.4) | 9 (5.5) | 2 (1.2) |
| ≥2 prior operations | 4 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.2) |
| Status | |||||
| Salvage | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) |
| Emergent | 30 (4.6) | 4 (2.4) | 8 (4.9) | 4 (2.5) | 14 (8.6) |
| Urgent | 63 (9.6) | 10 (6.1) | 19 (11.6) | 22 (13.5) | 12 (7.4) |
| Elective | 560 (85.6) | 150 (91.5) | 137 (83.5) | 137 (84.0) | 136 (83.4) |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (≤1 hour) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) |
| Cardiogenic shock (at time of operation) | 34 (5.2) | 2 (1.2) | 9 (5.5) | 9 (5.5) | 14 (8.6) |
| Diseased coronary vessels, No. | |||||
| One | 29 (4.4) | 19 (11.6) | 5 (3.0) | 1 (0.6) | 4 (2.5) |
| Two | 154 (23.6) | 52 (31.7) | 37 (22.6) | 33 (20.2) | 32 (19.6) |
| Three | 471 (72.0) | 93 (56.7) | 122 (74.4) | 129 (79.1) | 127 (77.9) |
| Left main coronary artery disease | 252 (38.5) | 44 (26.8) | 63 (38.4) | 67 (41.1) | 78 (47.9) |
| Myocardial infarction | |||||
| <6 hours ago | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) |
| 6–24 hours ago | 13 (2.0) | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | 4 (2.5) | 6 (3.7) |
| 1–7 days ago | 103 (15.7) | 18 (11.0) | 23 (14.0) | 31 (19.0) | 31 (19.0) |
| 8–21 days ago | 84 (12.8) | 11 (6.7) | 13 (7.9) | 23 (14.1) | 37 (22.7) |
| None or >21 days ago | 453 (69.3) | 133 (81.1) | 127 (77.4) | 104 (63.8) | 89 (54.6) |
| Unstable angina | 182 (27.8) | 51 (31.1) | 52 (31.7) | 43 (26.4) | 36 (22.1) |
| Preoperative IABP/inotropes (≤48 hours) | 49 (7.5) | 6 (3.7) | 10 (6.1) | 15 (9.2) | 18 (11.0) |
| PCI (≤6 hours) | 2 (0.3) | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Hypertension | 561 (85.8) | 134 (81.7) | 146 (89.0) | 136 (83.4) | 145 (89.0) |
| Moderate-severe valve insufficiency | |||||
| Tricuspid valve | 10 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 9 (5.5) |
| Aortic valve | 8 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.2) | 5 (3.1) |
| Mitral valve | 48 (7.3) | 5 (3.5) | 4 (2.4) | 7 (4.3) | 32 (19.6) |
a
Data are based on American College of Cardiology Foundation-Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Collaboration on the Comparative Effectiveness of Revascularization Strategy (ASCERT) 7-year survival probability (quartile 1 is lowest risk). Table includes all input variables for the ASCERT survival probability calculation.
b
Data are shown as mean ± SD or number (%).
CHF = congestive heart failure; CVA = cerebrovascular accident; IABP = intraaortic balloon pump; NYHA = New York Heart Association; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; TIA = transient ischemic attack.