Table 1.

DDR genes/proteins that are upregulated in various types of stem/progenitor cells in comparison with the non-stem cells.

DDR Pathway	Members of DDR	References
MMR	MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, MLH1, EXO1, MSH3	[21–23]
BER	APE1, PARP1, XRCC1, DNA Ligase III, FEN1, NTHL1, UNG, POLE, POLE2, AAG	[20–24]
NER	XPA, XPC, XRCC1, RAD23B, GTF2H2, GTF2H3	[20,22,24]
DSB/HR	RAD50, RAD51, RAD52, RAD54, BRCA1, BRCA2, NBS1, XRCC5, BLM, WRN	[20,22,23,25]
DSB/NHEJ	KU70, KU80, NHEJ1, XRCC6	[22,25]
ICLR	FANCG, FANCL, FANCA	[20,22]
TLS	PCNA	[22]