Figure 5. Scaffolds induce ALP activity in C2C12 cells.

C2C12-seeded constructs: DBM (red bars), bone scaffolds (blue bars), or Gelfoam (green bars), were incubated in osteogenic media (A) or in the presence of 100 ng/mL BMP-2 (B) with treatments starting on day 2 and analyzed for enzymatic ALP activity represented as mean total p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) content ± SD. * represents p<0.05, ** represents <0.01, and *** represents p<0.001 by two-way ANOVA for construct and treatment and one-way ANOVA for time within each construct and treatment. Comparisons are annotated as described below:

(a) scaffold vs DBM; (b) scaffold vs gelfoam; (c) DBM vs gelfoam

(d) DBM OM vs OM + BMP-2; (e) scaffold OM vs OM + BMP-2 (f) gelfoam OM vs OM + BMP-2;

(g) DBM day 1 vs 3; (h) scaffold day 1 vs 3; (i) gelfoam day 1 vs 3;

(j) DBM day 1 vs 7; (k) scaffold day 1 vs 7; (l) gelfoam day 1 vs 7;

(m) DBM day 1 vs 15; (n) scaffold day 1 vs 15; (o) gelfoam day 1 vs 15;

(p) DBM day 3 vs 7; (q) scaffold day 3 vs 7; (r) gelfoam day 3 vs 7

(s) DBM day 3 vs 15; (t) scaffold day 3 vs 15; (u) gelfoam day 3 vs 15

(v) DBM day 7 vs 15; (w) scaffold day 7 vs 15; (x) gelfoam day 7 vs 15