Table 3. Bivariate analysis of categorical factors associated with the PCS-12 and MCS-12 scores.

Variable	PCS-12 Mean (SD)	F/t values	p-value	MCS-12 Mean (SD)	F/t values	p-value
Gender		4.34/ -2.510	0.012		0.017/0.902	0.37
Female	49.82 (6.60)			48.42 (8.67)
Male	47.98 (7.41)			49.22 (8.48)
Education		3.674	0.012		0.376	0.77
BS	48.83 (7.48)			48.82 (8.72)
PharmD	50.22 (5.81)			48.93 (8.13)
Master	47.83 (6.58)			49.21 (1.15)
PhD	43.14 (7.66)			46.10 (10.07)
Years of experience		1.154	0.33		0.764	0.576
Less than 1 year	48.94 (6.37)			49.13 (10.58)
Between 1 and less than 3 years	49.68 (5.99)			47.93 (9.51)
Between 3 and less than 6 years	50.12 (7.22)			47.23 (8.01)
Between 6 and less than 12 years	47.96 (7.38)			49.36 (8.09)
12 years and above	48.44 (7.27)			49.53 (8.40)
Number of working hours		2.293	0.07		2.910	0.035
≤ 16 hours	47.34 (6.60)			47.63 (9.15)
Between 17 and 31 hours	51.26 (5.85)			45.87 (10.38)
Between 32 and 40 hours	48.84 (7.50)			48.30 (8.46)
> 40 hours	48.48 (7.14)			49.74 (7.98)
Patients’ load per day		0.481	0.56		1.389	0.25
< 50	49.32 (7.03)			48.67 (8.49)
50-100	48.47 (7.32)			48.39 (8.57)
>100	49.20 (7.11)			50.20 (8.47)

The Student t-test was used to check for associations between QoL and dichotomous variables (i.e. gender); the ANOVA test was used to compare means of 3 or more groups (i.e. education level; education level, years of experience, number of working hours, patients load per day). The Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate the association between two continuous variables (i.e. QoL subscales scores and age, house crowding index, BDS22 score, soft skills score depression score, burnout subscales scores, empathy score).

F=F-value; t= t value; PCS= Physical quality of life subscale score; MCS= Mental quality of life subscale score; SD= Standard Deviation.