Table 2.
Participant characteristics at enrollment
| Characteristic | Non-blast CTL (n = 198) | Concussive blast TBI (n = 277) | Blast-exposed CTL (n = 56) | Non-blast TBI (n = 44) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 30.1 ± 7.4 | 26.3 ± 6.3 | 32.3 ± 8.2 | 29.5 ± 9.2 | <0.001 |
| Education in years, mean (SD) | 14.9 ± 2.9 | 13.0 ± 1.7 | 13.6 ± 2.0 | 13.5 ± 2.0 | <0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 166 (84) | 268 (97) | 51 (91) | 40 (91) | <0.001 |
| Female | 32 (16) | 9 (3) | 5 (9) | 4 (9) | |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
| White | 140 (71) | 207 (75) | 42 (75) | 30 (68) | 0.145 |
| African American | 37 (18) | 25 (9) | 8 (14) | 9 (20) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 20 (10) | 38 (14) | 4 (7) | 3 (7) | |
| Others | 1 (1) | 7 (2) | 2 (4) | 2 (5) | |
| Branch of service, n (%) | |||||
| US Army | 118 (59) | 232 (84) | 48 (86) | 36 (82) | <0.001 |
| US Air Force | 25 (13) | 3 (1) | 3 (5) | 3 (7) | |
| US Marine Corps | 14 (7) | 38 (14) | 5 (9) | 4 (9) | |
| US Navy | 41 (21) | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| Military rank, n (%) | |||||
| *Education surrogate | |||||
| Enlisted | 167 (84) | 267 (97) | 51 (91) | 42 (95) | <0.001 |
| Officer | 31 (16) | 10 (3) | 5 (9) | 2 (5) | |
Statistical significance by Kruskal–Wallis and Fisher’s exact tests as appropriate.