Table 7.
Mouse efficacy studies of nonopioid analgesics
| Agent | Dose (mg/kg) | Route | Test | Duration of action | Comments | Reference |
| Acetaminophen | 50 | IP | Lap | 1 h | 149 | |
| 320 | PO | SX | No effect on activity | 87 | ||
| 160,320 | PO | CFA | Up to 90 min | 156 | ||
| 100-450 | SC | Lap | No effect | 140 | ||
| Carprofen | 30 | PO-W | Lap, VF | In effective | Medicated water provided for 72 h | 164 |
| 5-25 | SC | Lap | 90 min at 20-25 mg/kg | Suggest 29 mg/kg | 140 | |
| 5 | SC | Lap | Burrowing latency similar to anesthesia alone | 105 | ||
| 5 | SC | Lap | Activity and burrowing no different than anesthesia alone | 104 | ||
| 5 | SC | Lap | Nest complexity improved slightly at high dose | 106 | ||
| 50 | ||||||
| Flunixin | 2.5 | SC | Lap | No effect | 70 | |
| Gabapentin | 1 | IP | VF | 3 h | Returned to baseline by 24 h | 159 |
| 3 | ||||||
| 3-100 | IP | DN, FT, HP, TF | FT ED50 9.3 mg/kg | 153 | ||
| HP ED50 16.5 mg/kg | ||||||
| TF ED50 17.6 mg/kg | ||||||
| 50 | IP | CCI, VF | ED50 7 mg/kg | 45 | ||
| Ibuprofen | 200 | TF | No effect | 217 | ||
| 40, 80 | PO | CFA | 150 min | 156 | ||
| 40 | PO-W | SX | No effect on activity | 87 | ||
| 2.5-20 | SC | CFA, VF | ED50 10 mg/kg | 38 | ||
| 200 | SC | TF | In effective at 45 min | 121 | ||
| Ketoprofen | FT, WT | FT- ED50 100 mg/kg | 68 | |||
| WT- ED80 10 mg/kg | ||||||
| 30 | IP | WT | ED50 30 mg/kg | 151 | ||
| 1-20 | SC | Lap | 90 min at 20 mg/kg | Suggest 65 mg/kg | 140 | |
| Meloxicam | 1 | IP | HP, FT, WT | FT ED50 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg HP ED50 3 mg/kg,10 mg/kg | 180 | |
| 3 | WT- ED80 10 mg/kg | |||||
| 10 | ||||||
| 2 | SC | Lap | Dosed once daily for 3 d. Reduced activity for 24 h postoperative | 203 | ||
| 2 | SC | SX | Partially effective | Dosed with 2 mg/kg preoperative, then 1 mg/kg daily for 2 d. Improved BW, increase arterial pressures and HR | 173 | |
| 5 | SC | Lap | No effect | 149 | ||
| 5 | SC | SX | No effect | Dosed once daily for 2 d | 99 | |
| 5 | SC | Lap | 1 h | 148 | ||
| 5 | SC | Lap | Corticosterone normalized at 20 mg/kg; All effective based on ethogram | 212 | ||
| 10 | ||||||
| 20 | ||||||
| 20 | SC | SX | 1 h | Reduced MGS and behaviors | 130 | |
| Tramadol | FT, TF, WT | FT ED50 2.8 mg/kg | 150 | |||
| TF ED25- 2.4 mg/kg | ||||||
| WT- ED50 1.86 mg/kg | ||||||
| 20 | Lap | No effect | 123 | |||
| 20 | SC | SX | Minimal effect | Dosed daily for 2 d. Decrease BW, increase arterial pressure, decrease HR | 173 | |
| 3-100 | IP | DN, FT, HP, TF | FT ED50 3.5 mg/kg | 153 | ||
| HP ED50 12.5 mg/kg | ||||||
| TF ED50 9.7 mg/kg | ||||||
| 10-100 | IP | CFA | ED50 25 mg/kg | 152 | ||
| 10-80 | IP | HP | 30-60 min | ED50 70 mg/kg | 145 | |
| 10 | IP | TF | Increased latency at 20 and 40 mg/kg | 55 | ||
| 20 | ||||||
| 40 | ||||||
| 50 | IP | HP, TF | 30-60 min | ED50 50 mg/kg; Trace minerals increased effectiveness | 5 | |
| 40,80 | PO | CFA | 45-90 min | 156 | ||
| SC | HP | ED50 14.8 mg/kg | 175 | |||
| ED80 71.9 mg/kg | ||||||
| 3.2 | SC | WT | ED50 3.2 mg/kg | 59 | ||
Effects are based on a single dose of analgesic unless otherwise described in the comments.
PO-W- oral in water; ED = effective dose; SX- surgical model; Lap- laparotomy
CLP = cecal ligation and puncture; CCI = chronic constriction injury
CFA = Complete Freund’s adjuvant; DN = diabetic neuropathy; FT = Formalin test; HP = hot plate assay; NP = neuropathic pain; PW = paw withdrawal test; TF = tail-flick assay; VF = von Frey test; WT = writhing test