Table 9.

Rat efficacy studies of buprenorphine

Dose (mg/kg)	Route	Test	Duration of action	Comments	Reference
0.01	IM	Lap, TF	No effect	Dosed q12h for 72 h	41
0.1	IM	Lap, TF		Dosed q12h for 72 h. BW and food intake similar to saline treatment; TF increased latency	41
0.02-0.2	IP	TF	24 h at 0.2 mg/kg	Hyperalgesia at 0.01 mg/kg	207
8 µg/kg	IV	TF	4 h		161
0.4	PO	Lap	270-390 min	Observations limited to 390 min postoperative	176
0.5-10	PO-G	TF	2 h at 5-10 mg/kg		138
0.5	PO-G	HP	3-5 h		129
0.1-0.4	PO-J	Lap		Increased BW all treatment groups	62
0.5	PO-J	HP	1 h		129
0.5	PO-J	Lap		Dosed q12h for 36 h. Not effective based on BW	98
0.5- 2.0	PO-N	HP	60-120 at 1 mg/kg		92
0.4	PO-N	SX		No change in corticosterone; no change in activity 5h post op; BW loss less than control	72
0.3-3.0	SC	HP, TF		ED50 0.4 mg/kg	206
0.03	SC	Lap		Dosed q12h for 72 h. Decrease BW	20
0.03	SC	PW	24 h	Reduce RGS	133
0.05	SC	SX		Dosed q8-12h for 120 h. Improved gait	27
0.05	SC	HP, SX, VF	No effect	Dosed q12h for 72 h	34
0.05	SC	HP	1 h		107
0.05	SC	SX	No effect	Dosed preoperative and 18 h postoperative supplemented with 0.25 mg/kg POJ	117
0.05	SC	HP	3-5 h		129
0.05	SC		2 h		138
0.05	SC	HP		Dosed q12h for 60 h. PW latency increased; Minimal effect	141
0.05	SC	Lap	270-390 min postoperative	Observations limited to 390 min postoperative	176
0.05	SC	SX, VF, HP	Up to 96 h	Dosed q12h for 72 h. Reduced mechanical and thermal sensitivity.	184
0.05	SC	Lap		Lower ethogram score	160
0.1	SC	FT	6 h		1
0.1	SC	HP	30-240 min		92
0.1	SC	Lap		Dosed q12h for 72 h. Lower ethogram score	160
0.25-0.1	SC	VF		Increase threshold	196
0.2	SC	PW, SX		PW no effect at 24h; no effect on vertical rises	64
0.5	SC	SX		Increase corticosterone levels	72
0.5	SC	SX	No effect	Supplemented with 0.25 mg/kg POJ	117
0.5	SC	HP, TF	6-8 h		66
0.3 SRzp	SC	HP, SX, VF	No effect		34
0.65 SRzp	SC	HP	4-48 h		107
1.2 SRzp	SC	HP, SX, VF		HP increase latency at 24h; VF no significant difference to baseline	34
1.2 SRzp	SC	SX, PW	Up to 48 h	Increase vertical rises compared with buprenorphine	64
1.2 SRzp	SC	HP	24-72h		107
1.2 SRzp	SC	SX, VF, HP	Up to 96 h	Reduced mechanical and thermal sensitivity.	184
1.2 SRzp	SC	Lap		Dosed q12h for 72 h. Lower ethogram score	160
4.5 SRzp	SC	HP, SX, VF		HP increased latency at 24 h at 4.5 mg/kg; VF no effect; Sedative effect with 4.5 mg/kg	34

Effects are based on a single dose of analgesic unless otherwise described in the comments.

PO-n = oral in Nutella; PO-J = oral in gelatin; PO-G = oral by gavage

SX = surgical model; Lap = Laparotomy

HP = hot plate assay; PW = paw withdrawal test; TF = tail-flick assay; VF = von Frey test

zP = manufactured by Zoopharm, Windsor, CO