Table 2. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Participantsa.
| Variable | Total (N = 1117) | Overt DM (N = 33) | GDM (+) (N = 156) | GDM (-) (N = 835) | Pb | Pc | Pd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 26.5 ± 4.2 | 27.7 ± 5.1 | 28.7 ± 4.8 | 26.05 ± 3.9 | < 0.001 | 0.024 | < 0.001 |
| Gravidity | 2 (1 - 2) | 2 (1 - 3) | 2 (1 - 3) | 1 (1 - 2) | < 0.001 | 0.010 | < 0.001 |
| BMI, Kg/m 2 | 27.5 ± 6.1 | 27.5 ± 3.8 | 27.3 ± 4.6 | 25.0 ± 2.8 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Pregnancy weight gain, Kg | 5.6 ± 2.0 | 9.2 ± 1.8 | 8.0 ± 2.1 | 5.2 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 113.2 ± 10.3 | 117.5 ± 10.7 | 118.2 ± 11.3 | 112.4 ± 9.9 | < 0.001 | 0.026 | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 71.0 ± 8.1 | 72.0 ± 9.4 | 72.8 ± 8.9 | 70.7 ± 7.9 | 0.049 | 0.490 | 0.007 |
| FPG, mg/dL | 80.4 ± 11.2 | 116.3 ± 16.5 | 93.8 ± 8.5 | 76.5 ± 5.7 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1C, % | 4.7 ± 0.7 | 6.8 ± 0.3 | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 12.4 ± 0.9 | 12.7 ± 0.8 | 12.4 ± 1.5 | 12.4 ± 0.8 | 0.399 | 0.087 | 0.911 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure (during the first prenatal visit); FPG, fasting plasma glucose (during the first prenatal visit); GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; SBP, systolic blood pressure (during the first prenatal visit)
aValues are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (IQR 25 - 75).
bP value among groups
cP value between overt DM and GDM (-)
dP value between GDM (-) and GDM (+)