Table 5.
Health characteristics at the beginning and end of the study period
| Health assessment | 1. A−T− (n = 124) a | 2. A−T+ (n = 5) | 3. A+T− (n = 23) a | 4. A+T+ (n = 15) | Group test (P-Value) | Pairwise differences | Total (n=167) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health assessment at study entry | |||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 125 ± 15 | 131 ± 12 | 120 ± 13 | 130 ± 17 | 0.22 | - | 125 ± 15 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.7 ± 6.1 | 31.9 ± 3.9 | 27.3 ± 5.0 | 27.9 ± 4.3 | 0.40 | - | 28.6 ± 5.8 |
| Waist:hip ratio, sex covaried (95% CI) | 0.85 (0.84, 0.87) | 0.83 (0.76, 0.90) | 0.82 (0.79, 0.85) | 0.84 (0.80, 0.88) | 0.39 | - | - |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 200 ± 34 | 202 ± 41 | 199 ± 25 | 194 ± 31 | 0.91 | - | 200 ± 33 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 139 ± 33 | 147 ± 39 | 140 ± 22 | 134 ± 30 | 0.88 | - | 139 ± 32 |
| Insulin, mIU/l | 9.1 ± 6.8 | 17.8 ± 11.3 | 7.7 ± 4.3 (1 na) | 9.8 ± 3.8 | 0.02 | 2 versus 1,3 | 9.3 ± 6.6 (1 na) |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 97.8 ± 16.9 | 98 ± 5 | 95 ± 8 | 96 ± 8 | 0.87 | - | 97.3 ± 15.0 |
| hs-CRP, mg/l | 2.6 ± 3.4 | 3.0 ± 2.2 | 3.5 ± 8.8 (1 na) | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 0.37 | - | 2.6 ± 4.3 |
| Vitamin B12, ng/ml | 691 ± 276 (1 na) | 744 ± 124 | 767 ± 294 | 733 ± 275 (1 na) | 0.64 | - | 706 ± 274 (2 na) |
| Health assessment proximal to PET imaging | |||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 127 ± 15 (1 na) | 122 ± 13 | 127 ± 18 | 132 ± 18 | 0.58 | - | 127 ± 16 (1 na) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.3 ± 6.4 (2 na) | 31.4 ± 5.4 | 27.4 ± 5.9 | 27.2 ± 4.3 | 0.29 | - | 28.9 ± 6.2 (2 na) |
| Waist:hip ratio, sex covaried (95% CI) | 0.87 (0.86, 0.89) | 0.88 (0.82, 0.94) | 0.83 (0.80, 0.86) | 0.86 (0.83, 0.90) | 0.05 | 3 versus 1 | - |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 203 ± 40 (5 na) | 166 ± 30 | 200 ± 40 (1 na) | 192 ± 41 | 0.17 | - | 201 ± 40 (6 na) |
| Non-HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 141 ± 38 (5 na) | 116 ± 21 | 141 ± 36 (1 na) | 129 ± 32 | 0.32 | - | 139 ± 37 (6 na) |
| Insulin, mIU/l | 9.7 ± 7.3 (6 na) | 12.8 ± 6.8 | 8.0 ± 4.2 (1 na) | 8.9 ± 3.1 | 0.47 | - | 9.5 ± 6.6 (7 na) |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 99.1 ± 14.2 (5 na) | 99.2 ± 17.7 | 94.8 ± 10.9 (1 na) | 95.7 ± 9.3 | 0.49 | - | 98.2 ± 13.5 (6 na) |
| hs-CRP, mg/l | 4.0 ± 14.8 (5 na) | 4.3 ± 5.3 | 4.1 ± 8.5 (1 na) | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.85 | - | 3.7 ± 13.1 (6 na) |
| Vitamin B12, ng/ml | 599 ± 363 (7 na) | 826 ± 562 (1 na) | 577 ± 236 (1 na) | 603 ± 261 | 0.61 | - | 602 ± 344 (9 na) |
Health features at study entry (top) and at the assessment most proximal to PET imaging (bottom). Unless noted otherwise, results are reported as mean ± SD with group differences tested by analysis of variance. For group tests with P < 0.05, unadjusted pairwise post hoc differences are reported. Waist:hip ratio was tested for group differences by analysis of covariance adjusted for sex with results reported as sex-adjusted mean (95% CI).
HDL = high-density lipoproteins; hs-CRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; na = not available.
Two participants (one A−T−, one A+T−) only had one health assessment that was temporally proximal to imaging and therefore were not included in cross-sectional group statistics for the study entry time point.