Correlations between Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology markers, age at surgery and cognitive scores from pre-operative assessment in human drug-resistant TLE. (A) Heat map showing the Pearson correlation matrix between the biological markers analysed by western blot in the hippocampus (top) and cortex (bottom) from TLE cases adjusted for gender, age at surgery and disease duration (n = 11–18). (B and C) Pearson correlations in TLE hippocampus show positive relationships between age at surgery and unadjusted hippocampal (B) amyloid-β*56 (n = 12) and (C) tau 4-repeat isoforms (Tau 4R, n = 11) expression. (D-F) Pearson correlations in adult TLE hippocampus showing negative relationships between executive function assessed by the processing speed efficiency test, expressed as z-scores, and unadjusted hippocampal (D) pAPP (n = 8), (E) BACE1 (n = 8), and (F) total tau (Tau 5, n = 8) protein expression. (G) Pearson correlation in adult TLE hippocampus showing negative relationships between executive function assessed by the digit span backward test, expressed as z-scores, and unadjusted hippocampal p-tau AT180 (n = 6) expression. Grey area indicates 95% confidence interval for the two means for each graph.