Table 2. Previous Research on Maternal BPA Exposure and Thyroid Measures in Newborns.
| Study | Country | No. (newborn) | BPA specimen | BPA concentration | Thyroid specimen | Thyroid measures | Association |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chevrier et al. (2013) [16] | USA | 364 | Maternal urine in the first and second half of pregnancy | GM 1.3 μg/g Cr | Blood spots after birth | TSH | TSH↓ (boys) |
| Romano et al. (2015) [17] | USA | 249 | Maternal urine at 26 weeks of gestation | GM 2.3 μg/g Cr (95% CI, 2.1–2.5) | Cord blood | Total/free T4, total/free T3, TSH | TSH↓ (girls) |
| Minatoya et al. (2017) [19] | Japan | 283 | Cord blood | GM 0.051 ng/mL (IQR, <LOD–0.076) | Cord blood | Free T4, TSH | None |
| Sanlidag et al. (2018) [20] | Cyprus | 88 | Cord blood | Mean 4.934 ng/mL | Cord blood | Free T4, TSH | None |
| Brucker-Davis et al. (2011) [21] | France | 84 | Cord blood | Median 0.9 ng/mL | (IQR, 0.2–3.3) Cord blood | Free T4, free T3, TSH | None |
BPA, bisphenol A; GM, geometric mean; Cr, creatinine; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; CI, confidence interval; T4, thyroxine; T3, triiodothyronine; IQR, interquartile range; LOD, limit of detection.