Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Subjects According to Body Phenotype and Metabolic Stability.
| Characteristic | Stable MHNW | Unstable MHNW | Stable MHO | Unstable MHO |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 2,377,219 | 305,924 | 545,546 | 250,825 |
| Age, yr | 42.45±12.07 | 49.56±12.40 | 43.22±11.45 | 46.00±12.29 |
| Men | 1,246,808 (52.45) | 168,036 (54.93) | 383,226 (70.25) | 168,953 (67.36) |
| Current smoker | 584,003 (24.57) | 84,545 (27.64) | 158,513 (29.06) | 79,684 (31.77) |
| Alcohol consumption | 146,859 (6.18) | 26,082 (8.53) | 50,597 (9.27) | 27,620 (11.01) |
| Regular exercise | 419,238 (17.64) | 59,957 (19.60) | 116,658 (21.38) | 52,796 (21.05) |
| Income (lower 20%) | 500,161 (21.04)a | 69,340 (22.67) | 111,059 (20.36)a | 52,314 (20.86) |
| Family history of diabetes | 264,493 (11.13) | 35,394 (11.57) | 66,700 (12.23) | 31,649 (12.62) |
| Body weight, kg | 59.37±8.67 | 61.55±8.61 | 74.05±8.90 | 75.18±10.10 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.76±1.96 | 22.83±1.60 | 26.67±1.60 | 27.21±1.94 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 75.07±6.94 | 78.85±6.10 | 85.55±6.02 | 87.25±6.44 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 117.03±12.96 | 123.29±13.93 | 121.65±12.44 | 124.77±13.25 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 73.37±9.02 | 77.10±9.39 | 76.46±8.85 | 78.44±9.18 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 90.42±11.25 | 93.79±12.47 | 91.55±11.02 | 93.09±11.66 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 187.99±32.61 | 202.33±36.72 | 197.55±33.10 | 204.12±35.65 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 89.06 (89.00–89.11) | 122.48 (122.26–122.70) | 110.54 (110.40–110.68) | 131.32 (131.06–131.57) |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 58.62±16.96 | 54.47±19.30 | 54.47±16.32 | 52.76±17.89 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 111.06±48.20 | 121.87±48.34 | 119.79±45.81 | 123.36±47.39 |
| ALT, U/L | 18.99 (18.98–19.00) | 22.37 (22.33–22.40) | 25.83 (25.79–25.86) | 28.35 (28.29–28.41) |
| AST, U/L | 22.60 (22.59–22.61) | 24.48 (24.45–24.51) | 25.07 (25.05–25.09) | 26.30 (26.26–26.33) |
| GGT, U/L | 21.97 (21.96–21.99) | 28.39 (28.32–28.46) | 30.56 (30.51–30.61) | 35.53 (35.44–35.63) |
Values are expressed as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range). There were significant differences between the four groups in all of the baseline characteristic parameters (P<0.001).
MHNW, metabolically healthy normal weight; MHO, metabolically healthy obese; BP, blood pressure; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase.
aThe results of post hoc analysis between the four groups were statistically significant in all of the baseline charatetristics with the exception of low income status (stable MHNW vs. unstable MHO, P=0.194).