Fig. 2. Examples of real cases requiring data quality management. (A) Various written data. Even though the laboratory test result is “<3,” it is also written as “1.” The physicians' role is defining and classifying data, and staff who are most familiar with the data should do so. (B) Example of incorrectly entered data. AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GOT, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase; ALT, aspartate aminotransferase; GPT, glutamate pyruvate transaminase; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HBsAb, hepatitis B surface antibody; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.