Table 1. Anthropometric and Biochemical Characteristics of Subjects at Baseline and Follow-up.
| Men (n=57,139) | Women (n=121,544) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (20≤) | Q2 (21–29) | Q3 (30–46) | Q4 (≥47) | Q1 (12≤) | Q2 (13–16) | Q3 (17–23) | Q4 (≥24) | |
| Participants | 14,752 (25.8) | 14,283 (25.0) | 13,794 (24.1) | 14,310 (25.0) | 29,692 (24.4) | 32,621 (26.8) | 30,180 (24.8) | 29,051 (23.9) |
| Age, yr | 56.25±9.58 | 55.22±9.07 | 54.33±8.88 | 53.51±8.75 | 51.51±8.87 | 52.92±8.56 | 54.29±8.26 | 54.91±7.99 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 82.34±7.37 | 85.02±7.32 | 86.86±7.23 | 87.93±7.45 | 76.66±7.76 | 78.06±8.11 | 80.29±8.39 | 82.29±8.68 |
| Alcohol intake, g/day | 4.88±8.05 | 7.12±9.46 | 9.45±10.54 | 13.30±11.60 | 1.01±3.09 | 1.26±3.66 | 1.50±4.20 | 1.97±5.18 |
| Smoking | 3,543 (24.0) | 4,036 (28.3) | 4,537 (32.9) | 5,636 (39.4) | 429 (1.4) | 572 (1.8) | 742 (2.5) | 1,083 (3.7) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.15±2.55 | 24.14±2.60 | 24.82±2.66 | 25.15±2.87 | 22.92±2.64 | 23.44±2.82 | 24.20±3.04 | 24.94±3.27 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 122.27±15.11 | 124.62±14.73 | 126.28±14.87 | 128.77±15.64 | 118.17±15.88 | 120.29±15.95 | 123.11±16.04 | 125.24±16.49 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 76.57±9.92 | 78.07±8.74 | 79.45±9.93 | 81.32±10.31 | 73.48±10.16 | 74.62±10.12 | 76.13±10.06 | 77.40±10.26 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 183.98±31.89 | 192.09±33.05 | 196.60±34.51 | 200.28±38.58 | 190.10±32.60 | 198.08±34.04 | 204.19±36.34 | 208.39±38.77 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 110.00±61.68 | 134.62±81.93 | 158.02±97.55 | 197.95±144.90 | 95.38±54.77 | 107.48±63.21 | 126.20±78.59 | 147.75±100.97 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 48.33±11.55 | 47.90±11.52 | 47.25±11.24 | 48.85±13.04 | 55.36±12.94 | 55.51±12.86 | 54.35±12.98 | 53.52±13.17 |
| ALT, IU/L | 19.20±7.70 | 22.72±10.52 | 27.59±14.37 | 39.17±35.80 | 14.95±9.97 | 16.61±7.71 | 19.60±10.35 | 30.03±36.70 |
| AST, IU/L | 22.23±6.53 | 23.31±8.22 | 25.37±8.64 | 33.60±29.35 | 20.41±5.46 | 21.01±6.22 | 22.29±7.11 | 28.76±34.91 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 94.36±20.24 | 96.95±21.86 | 100.00±25.83 | 104.07±28.38 | 89.32±13.76 | 91.04±15.71 | 94.50±20.78 | 99.15±26.10 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.61±0.66 | 5.73±0.76 | 5.82±0.84 | 5.92±0.98 | 5.47±0.47 | 5.58±0.53 | 5.74±0.69 | 5.93±0.95 |
| Energy intake, kcal | 1,813.1±569.8 | 1,836.7±550.8 | 1,839.0±556.2 | 1,826.4±561.6 | 1,694.0±607.0 | 1,688.9±577.6 | 1,685.5±582.1 | 1,682.5±589.0 |
| Moderate exercisea | 7,312 (53.3) | 7,423 (55.3) | 6,980 (54.1) | 6,511 (49.1) | 13,215 (46.5) | 15,079 (48.5) | 14,142 (48.7) | 12,981 (46.1) |
Values are expressed as number (%) or mean±standard deviation.
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.
aModerate physical exercise is defined regular physical exercise performed enough to sweat body.