Table 2.
Characteristics of study population.
| Variables | Total Mean ± SD (n = 423) | Men | Women | P value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD (n = 208) | Mean ± SD (n = 215) | |||||||||
| Normal Wt (N = 59) | Over Wt (N = 80) | Obesity (N = 69) | P value | Normal Wt (N = 75) | Over Wt (N = 76) | Obesity (N = 64) | P value | |||
| Age (year) | 28.1 ± 8.0 | 23.6 ± 5.6 | 26.4 ± 8.7 | 25.0 ± 6.8 | NS | 28.2 ± 5.3 | 31.5 ± 8.1 | 33.6 ± 81 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 |
| Ht (cm) | 164.4 ± 8.5 | 170.9 ± 5.9 | 170.2 ± 5.4 | 171.5 ± 6.4 | NS | 158.0 ± 5.5 | 159.0 ± 53 | 157.4 ± 5.6 | NS | P < 0.01 |
| Wt (kg) | 77.4 ± 19.0 | 65.5 ± 6.6 | 79.5 ± 6.5 | 108.5 ± 14.6 | P < 0.01 | 56.3 ± 5.8 | 69.4 ± 6.2 | 85.7 ± 12.1 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.5 ± 6.1 | 22.4 ± 1.8 | 27.4 ± 1.4 | 36.9 ± 5.0 | P < 0.01 | 22.5 ± 1.7 | 27.4 ± 1.4 | 34.6 ± 4.3 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.05 |
| IBW | 57.8 ± 9.3 | 65.4 ± 6.4 | 64.5 ± 5.8 | 66.0 ± 6.9 | P < 0.01 | 50.4 ± 4.9 | 51.4 ± 4.7 | 49.9 ± 5.1 | NS | P < 0.01 |
| AdjWt | 62.7 ± 10.1 | 65.4 ± 5.9 | 68.3 ± 5.7 | 76.6 ± 7.2 | P < 0.01 | 51.9 ± 4.8 | 55.9 ± 4.9 | 58.9 ± 5.9 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 |
| WC (cm) | 87.8 ± 14.9 | 76.8 ± 7.8 | 89.7 ± 8.1 | 111.4 ± 10.5 | P < 0.01 | 73.1 ± 6.3 | 82.4 ± 6.6 | 93.8 ± 8.8 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 |
| HC (cm) | 104.9 ± 13.6 | 92.7 ± 5.6 | 102.8 ± 12.7 | 120.4 ± 10.5 | P < 0.01 | 93.8 ± 6.9 | 103.6 ± 6.1 | 116.5 ± 9.6 | P < 0.01 | NS |
| WHR | 0.76 ± 0.1 | 0.83 ± 0.1 | 0.88 ± 0.1 | 0.93 ± 01 | P < 0.01 | 0.78 ± 0.1 | 0.80 ± 0.1 | 0.81 ± 0.1 | P < 0.05 | P < 0.01 |
| MAC (cm) | 30.4 ± 4.6 | 26.3 ± 2.4 | 28.8 ± 2.2 | 33.5 ± 4.4 | P < 0.01 | 27.1 ± 2.4 | 31.1 ± 2.6 | 36.0 ± 4.1 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.05 |
| TST (mm) | 27.2 ± 8.9 | 17.1 ± 6.7 | 25.4 ± 6.6 | 34.3 ± 6.3 | P < 0.01 | 22.3 ± 6.3 | 29.5 ± 6.7 | 34.0 ± 7.3 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.05 |
| MAMA (cm2) | 39.2 ± 13.3 | 35.5 ± 10.8 | 35.0 ± 8.0 | 42.5 ± 14.7 | P < 0.01 | 32.9 ± 8.5 | 38.4 ± 8.9 | 52.2 ± 17.7 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.05 |
| PBF (%) | 31.6 ± 9.4 | 17.6 ± 5.1 | 25.1 ± 4.0 | 34.8 ± 5.2 | P < 0.01 | 30.0 ± 4.6 | 37.6 ± 3.2 | 43.8 ± 6.0 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 |
| FM (kg) | 25.0 ± 11.3 | 11.6 ± 4.0 | 19.9 ± 3.8 | 38.0 ± 10.0 | P < 0.01 | 17.1 ± 3.9 | 26.2 ± 4.0 | 37.3 ± 7.9 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.05 |
| FMI | 9.3 ± 4.3 | 4.0 ± 1.3 | 6.9 ± 1.3 | 13.0 ± 3.5 | P < 0.01 | 6.8 ± 1.4 | 10.3 ± 1.3 | 15.0 ± 3.0 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 |
| FFM (kg) | 52.2 ± 11.5 | 53.4 ± 5.2 | 59.3 ± 5.2 | 70.0 ± 7.7 | P < 0.01 | 39.2 ± 3.0 | 43.3 ± 3.3 | 48.4 ± 5.1 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 |
| FFMI | 19.2 ± 3.0 | 18.3 ± 1.2 | 20.4 ± 1.1 | 23.8 ± 2.4 | P < 0.01 | 15.7 ± 0.9 | 17.1 ± 0.8 | 19.5 ± 1.7 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 |
| TBW (L) | 47.1 ± 19.5 | 57.0 ± 8.5 | 52.6 ± 5.4 | 49.1 ± 5.0 | P < 0.01 | 40.8 ± 11.8 | 39.9 ± 7.6 | 39.3 ± 4.4 | NS | P < 0.01 |
| RMR (kcal/day) | 1749.8 ± 391.6 | 1762.5 ± 224.5 | 1932.4 ± 293.4 | 2278.7 ± 344.3 | P < 0.01 | 1366.4 ± 159.0 | 1526.7 ± 216.2 | 1647.6 ± 261.4 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 |
| RQ | 0.84 ± 0.1 | 0.79 ± 0.1 | 0.79 ± 0.1 | 0.81 ± 01 | NS | 0.72 ± 0.1 | 0.71 ± 0.1 | 0.72 ± 0.1 | NS | P < 0.01 |
| VO2 (ml/min) | 258.2 ± 56.0 | 258.5 ± 33.7 | 283.1 ± 42.2 | 331.5 ± 50.0 | P < 0.01 | 204.6 ± 24.1 | 227.1 ± 34.5 | 246.3 ± 39.6 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 |
| VCO2 (ml/min) | 196.4 ± 52.7 | 203.0 ± 29.1 | 222.9 ± 40.0 | 268.2 ± 47.2 | P < 0.01 | 146.7 ± 19.6 | 163.4 ± 27.9 | 176.5 ± 29.5 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 |
Significance difference between subgroups was assessed by the one-way ANOVA test while that between men and women was tested by the independent samples t-test. NS, nonsignificant; Ht, height; Wt, weight; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; HC, hip circumference; WHR, waist hip ratio; IBW, ideal body weight by the Hamwi equation; AdjWt, adjusted body weight; MAC, midarm circumference; TST, triceps skin-fold thickness; MAMA, midarm muscular area; PBF, percent body fat; FM, fat mass; FMI, fat mass index; FFM, fat-free mass; FFMI, fat-free mass index; TBW, total body water; RMR, resting metabolic rate; RQ, respiratory quotient; VO2, volume of O2 inspired per minute; VCO2, volume of CO2 expired per minute.