Table 2.
Protein levels and comparison in all groups.
| BIOMARKER | Control (n = 20) | PAH (n = 48) | CTEPH (n = 20) | HFpEF-PH (n = 33) | HFrEF-PH (n = 36) | HF-NON-PH (n = 15) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MMP-2 | 2.96 (2.85–3.04) | 3.34 (2.85–3.62)† | 3.26 (2.81–3.48) | 3.47 (3.24–3.82)† | 3.78 (3.52–4.22)†‡§ | 3.32 (2.88–3.87)†¥ |
| MMP-3 | 6.47 (5.96–7.17) | 6.20 (5.62–6.88) | 6.92 (6.30–7.65)‡ | 7.02 (6.34–7.75)‡ | 7.19 (6.51–7.74)‡ | 6.69 (6.09–7.38) |
| MMP-7 | 8.09 (7.79–8.54) | 9.23 (8.90–9.50)† | 9.66 (9.37–10.0)†‡ | 9.69 (9.33–10.1)†‡ | 9.64 (9.18–9.93)†‡ | 9.52 (9.31–10.1)†‡ |
| MMP-9 | 3.36 (2.91–3.78) | 4.0 (3.32–4.70)† | 4.72 (4.05–5.16)† | 3.47 (3.05–4.16)§ | 3.92 (3.39–4.49)† | 3.51 (3.31–4.24)§ |
| MMP-12 | 6.25 (5.74–6.66) | 7.44 (6.88–7.99)† | 7.35 (6.94–7.80)† | 7.49 (7.16–8.28)† | 6.94 (6.32–7.58)†‡# | 7.15 (6.78–7.78)† |
| TIMP4 | 3.93 (3.71–4.05) | 4.31 (3.99–4.87)† | 4.96 (4.54–5.42)†‡ | 4.76 (4.34–5.37)†‡ | 4.39 (4.02–4.59)†§# | 4.49 (4.21–4.82)† |
| CYR61 | 4.46 (4.09–4.78) | 5.02 (4.63–5.28)† | 4.87 (4.51–5.36)† | 4.79 (4.48–5.11) | 4.77 (4.56–5.39)† | 4.52 (4.27–4.79)‡¥ |
| SPARC | 5.73 (5.64–5.85) | 5.75 (5.62–5.85) | 6.05 (5.86–6.13)†‡ | 5.81 (5.67–5.97)§ | 5.87 (5.69–5.99)‡ | 5.86 (5.69–5.97) |
| Thrombo- spondin-2 | 5.20 (5.10–5.28) | 5.58 (5.32–5.74)† | 5.67 (5.46–5.87)† | 5.57 (5.39–5.76)† | 5.73 (5.57–5.83)†‡ | 5.55 (5.34–5.72)† |
| WISP-1 | 3.65 (3.46–3.91) | 4.29 (4.05–4.76)† | 4.43 (3.95–4.82)† | 4.78 (4.47–5.23)†‡ | 4.74 (4.29–5.16)†‡ | 4.29 (4.11–4.75)† |
Variables are presented in arbitrary units (AU) as median (interquartile range).
CTEPH: chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; CYR61: protein CYR61; HF-NON-PH: HF without PH; HFpEF-PH: PH due to heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (EF); HFrEF-PH: PH due to HF with reduced EF; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension; TIMP-4; tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 4; WISP-1: WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 1.
Statistics: †significantly different compared to controls; ‡significantly different compared to PAH; §significantly different compared to CTEPH; #significantly different compared to HFpEF-PH; ¥significantly different compared to HFrEF-PH. Significant after FDR analysis as p-value below the FDR threshold p < 0.021.