Table 1.

Results of linear mixed model analysis with host plant as a fixed effect and temporal isolation between populations of nine species developing on different host plants.

species	generation	tissue gall forms on	expected longevity (days)	effect of host plant in LMM				estimate of temporal isolation
				coefficient	d.f.	t-value	p-value	year 2015	year 2016	year 2017	year 2018	average across years
Arnoldiola atra	sexual	Bud	5	0.61	35	4.88	<0.0001	0.53	1	0.25	0.69	0.62
A. quercusfoliatus	asexual	Bud	5	0.27	31	2.26	0.012	—	—	0.39	0.9	0.65
A. quercuslanigera	asexual	bud	5	0.59	42	11.59	<0.0001	1	0.59	0.52	0.34	0.62
B. treatae	sexual	root	3	0.44	1	18.1	0.018	—	—	0.47	—	0.47
C. quercusbatatoides	asexual	stem	5	0.18	28	2.52	0.006	—	—	0.31	—	0.31
D. quercusvirens	asexual	stem	7	0.22	46	2.36	0.009	1	0.96	0.05	0.15	0.54
Synergus spp. from A. quercuslanigera	sexual	n.a.	5	0.29	21	2.48	0.007	—	—	0.62	0.58	0.6
Synergus spp. from C. quercusbatatoides	sexual	n.a.	5	0.31	15	2.79	0.003	—	—	0.36	0.47	0.42
Synergus spp. from D. quercusvirens	sexual	n.a.	5	0.7	13	2.51	0.008	—	—	1	0.88	0.94

Note: italic indicates p-value < 0.05; 0–1 in temporal isolation means the population completely overlapped (0) to not overlapped at all (1).