Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics Stratified by Age Group
| Overall | <60 years | 60–69 years | ≥70 years | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 2331 | N = 1214 | N = 640 | N = 477 | ||
| Age (years) | 59.3 (51.1 – 68.0) | 51.5 (44.8 – 56.1) | 64.4 (62.2 – 67.2) | 75.3 (72.5 – 78.7) | |
| Men | 1670 (71.6) | 821 (67.6) | 474 (74.1) | 375 (78.6) | < 0.0001 |
| White | 1426 (62.1) | 619 (52.0) | 434 (68.8) | 373 (78.5) | < 0.0001 |
| LVEF (%) | 24.7 (20.0 – 30.1) | 24.4 (20.0 – 30.0) | 24.8 (20.0 – 29.9) | 25.5 (20.6 – 30.7) | 0.06 |
| NYHA Class | 0.0009 | ||||
| II | 1477 (63.4) | 808 (66.6) | 393 (61.4) | 276 (57.9) | |
| III | 831 (35.6) | 399 (32.9) | 241 (37.7) | 191 (40.0) | |
| IV | 23 (1.0) | 7 (0.6) | 6 (0.9) | 10 (2.1) | |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 29.9 (26.0 – 35.1) | 31.9 (27.1 – 37.6) | 29.3 (26.0 – 33.4) | 27.3 (24.1 – 30.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Atrial Fibrillation / Flutter | 488 (20.9) | 178 (14.7) | 139 (21.7) | 171 (35.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Ischemic Heart Disease | 1197 (51.4) | 456 (37.6) | 390 (61.9) | 345 (72.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 1426/ 2320 (61.5) | 687 / 1210 (56.8) | 409 / 635 (64.4) | 330 / 475 (69.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 157 (6.8) | 43 / 1208 (3.6) | 57 / 637 (9.0) | 57 / 475 (12.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 748 (32.1) | 352 (29.0) | 246 (38.4) | 150 (31.5) | 0.0002 |
| COPD | 249 (10.8) | 89 / 1202 (7.4) | 89 / 636 (14.0) | 71 / 473 (15.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Anemia | 515 / 1763 (29.2) | 229 / 913 (25.1) | 143 / 485 (29.5) | 143 / 365 (39.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease (eGFR < 60) | 806 / 2091 (38.6) | 255 / 1084 (23.5) | 272 / 571 (47.6) | 279 / 436 (64.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Severe/Moderate Depressive Symptoms (Beck index ≥ 19) | 388 / 2322 (16.7) | 258 / 1210 (21.3) | 89 / 635 (14.0) | 41 (8.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Six Minute Walking Distance (m) | 371 (299 – 435) | 390 (317 – 452) | 366 (305 – 427) | 324 (244 – 388) | < 0.0001 |
| CPX Duration (min) | 9.6 (6.9 – 12.0) | 10.3 (8.0 – 13.0) | 9.2 (6.7 – 11.6) | 7.7 (5.6 – 10.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Beta Blocker | 2203 (94.5) | 1163 (95.8) | 604 (94.4) | 436 (91.4) | 0.0017 |
| Loop Diuretic | 1816 (77.9) | 947 (78.0) | 505 (78.9) | 364 (76.3) | 0.58 |
| ACE Inhibitor | 1736 (74.5) | 950 (78.3) | 461 (72.0) | 325 (68.1) | <0.0001 |
| ARB | 544 (23.3) | 255 (21.0) | 164 (25.6) | 125 (26.2) | 0.02 |
| MRA | 1051 (45.1) | 617 (50.8) | 258 (40.3) | 176 (36.9) | <0.0001 |
Presented as median (IQR) or N (%). P-values computed by one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables and chi-square for categorical. LVEF= Left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA= New York Heart Association; COPD= Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease; eGFR=estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; CPX= Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test; ACE=Angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB=Angiotensin receptor blocker; MRA=Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist