Fig. 8.

Illustration of the crucial biological processes caused by putative targets and known therapeutic targets for DR. MMP2 matrix metallopeptidase 2, hsp60 heat shock protein 60, Cyt3 cytochrome 3, PLG plasminogen, PLM plasmin, tPA tissue plasminogen activator, PAI plasminogen activator inhibitor, RECK reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs, MMP9 matrix metallopeptidase 9, TIMP 1 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1, TIMP 2 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2, TIMP 4 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 4, ECM extracellular matrix, IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF-1R insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, AKT serine-threonine kinase, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, KDR vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, AQP-1 aquaporin-1, COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2, PGH2 prostaglandin H2, PGE2 prostaglandin E2, PGES prostaglandin E2 synthase