. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 30.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2016 Dec;23(6):423–429. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000294

Table 1. Determinants of FGF-23 levels.

Putative factors whose effect is either unclear or novel are designated with a question mark.

Positive Regulators	Negative Regulators
Dietary Phosphate²³	Cinacalcet⁶⁸
Activated vitamin D (calcitriol, paricalcitol, doxercalciferol)^17,18	Phosphate binders?^65,66
Nutritional vitamin D (ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol)?^19–22	Low phosphate diet?^65,66
PTH²⁴	Plant based diet?⁶⁷
Sodium bicarbonate?²⁵
Experimental myocardial infarction?²⁶
Acute decompensated heart failure?²⁷