Table 2.
Summary of observed serum silver and fluoride concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters and urinary recovery of fluoride (N=16) in a study of 38% silver diamine fluoride applied topically to the teeth of adults
| Parameters a | Silver | Fluoride |
|---|---|---|
| Observed Baseline (ng/mL) b | 0.15 ± 0.03 (<0.10 – 0.17) | 26 ± 12 (<10 – 50) |
| Tmax (hr) c | 5.3 ± 5.8 (1 – 24) | -- d |
| Cmax (ng/mL) e | 0.70 ± 0.52 (0.13 – 2.2) | -- |
| Baseline-corrected Cmax (ng/mL) | 0.67 ± 0.49 (0.13 – 2.0) | -- |
| t1/2 (hr) f | 46 ± 26 (19 – 110) | -- |
| AUC0–24 hr (ng·hr/mL) g | 9.8 ± 9.0 (2.3 – 41) | -- |
| AUC0-∞ (ng·hr/mL) h | 23.9 ± 5.8(13 – 31) | -- |
| Extrapolated AUC (%) i | 64.9 ± 13.5 (43.1 – 86.2) | -- |
| Baseline urinary concentration (ng/mL) j | <0.05 (<0.05 – 0.06) | 876 ± 469 (400 – 2090) |
| 24-hr urinary concentration (ng/mL) j | <0.05 (<0.05 – 0.06) | 373 ± 92 (200 – 530) |
| Total urinary recovery (mg) k | -- | 1.29 ± 0.81 (0.35 – 3.8) |
Average ± standard deviation (range)
Baseline serum silver concentrations were detectable in 3 of 16 participants; baseline serum fluoride concentrations were detectable in 13 of 16 participants. Values less than the lower limit of detection were not included in the calculation of the average and standard deviation (<0.1 ng/mL for silver and <10 ng/mL for fluoride, respectively).
Tmax: time of peak serum concentration
Not determined
Cmax: observed peak serum concentration
t1/2: terminal elimination half-life (determined for 11 of 16 participants for silver)
AUC0–24 hr: area under the curve from time 0 to 24 hr
AUC0-∞: area under the curve from time 0 to ∞ (n = 11, calculated for participants with a terminal elimination half-life estimate for silver)
Extrapolated AUC: (AUC0-∞ – AUC0–24 hr)/AUC0-∞ × 100
Median and range reported for silver (limit of detection <0.05 ng/mL for urinary silver); average and standard deviation reported for fluoride.
Total urinary recovery: (24 hr urine concentration) × (24 hr urine volume)