1.
Baseline characteristics of patients undergoing MWA
| Characteristics | All | ALBI grade 1 | ALBI grade 2 | P |
| Patients, n | 183 | 95 | 88 | |
| Age (years)* | 64.6±9.1 | 63.9±9.0 | 65.4±9.2 | 0.253a |
| Gender | 0.392b | |||
| Male | 128 (69.9) | 67 (70.5) | 67 (69.3) | |
| Female | 55 (30.1) | 28 (29.5) | 21 (30.7) | |
| Tumor size (cm)† | 2.7 (0.7–5.0) | 2.8 (0.9–5.0) | 2.5 (0.7–5.0) | 0.256a |
| ≤ 3 | 121 (66.1) | 54 (61.4) | 67 (70.5) | |
| > 3 | 62 (33.9) | 34 (38.6) | 28 (29.5) | |
| Tumor number | 235 | 130 (55.3) | 105 (44.7) | 0.170b |
| Single | 147 (80.3) | 80 (84.2) | 67 (76.1) | |
| Multiple | 36 (19.7) | 15 (15.8) | 21 (23.9) | |
| Comorbid disease | 0.034c | |||
| No | 108 (59) | 49 (51.6) | 59 (67) | |
| Yes | 75 (41) | 46 (48.4) | 29 (33) | |
| Pathological differentiation | 0.666b | |||
| Well/moderately | 152 (80.1) | 80 (84.2) | 72 (81.8) | |
| Poorly | 31 (19.9) | 15 (15.8) | 16 (18.2) | |
| Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer grade | 0.214b | |||
| 0 | 37 (20.2) | 30 (31.6) | 7 (8.0) | |
| A | 132 (72.1) | 55 (57.9) | 77 (87.5) | |
| B | 14 (7.7) | 10 (10.5) | 4 (4.5) | |
| CTP grade | 0.066b | |||
| A | 175 (95.6) | 88 (92.6) | 87 (98.9) | |
| B | 8 (4.4) | 7 (7.4) | 1 (1.1) | |
| α-fetoprotein level (ng/mL) † | 14.9 (1.4–223.1) | 17.8 (2.2–223.1) | 12.4 (1.4–66.9) | 0.315a |
| Albumin level (μmol/L) † | 37.2 (12.6–54.1) | 38.9 (12.6–47.8) | 33.5 (13.9–54.1) | 0.782a |
| Total bilirubin level (μmol/L) † | 16.2 (4.3–51.6) | 11.2 (4.3–44.9) | 17.9 (5.1–51.6) | 0.812a |
| ALT level (U/L) † | 54.2 (7–234.6) | 43.7 (7–77.4) | 65.1 (8.9–234.6) | 0.032a |
| AST level (U/L) † | 60.1 (14.2–387.0) | 41.2 (14.7–221.3) | 78.2 (14.2–387.0) | 0.016a |
| GGT (U/L) † | 78.6 (15–307.9) | 43.1 (15–112.4) | 80.2 (17.8–307.9) | 0.009a |
| Prothrombin time international normalized ratio* | 1.1±0.1 (0.87–1.49) | 1.1±0.2 (0.87–1.38) | 1.1±0.1 (0.89–1.49) | 0.522a |
| Platelet count (109) † | 102.5 (50–569) | 99.6 (55–569) | 105.1 (50–238) | 0.729a |
| Creatinine level (μmol/L) † | 84.6 (14.1–232.1) | 88.7 (15.7–201.9) | 72.1 (14.1–232.1) | 0.791a |
| Recurrence pattern | ||||
| LTP only | 48 (26.2) | 28 (29.5) | 20 (22.7) | 0.418b |
| IDR only | 22 (12.0) | 14 (14.7) | 8 (9.1) | 0.117b |
| LTP +IDR | 15 (8.2) | 9 (9.5) | 6 (6.8) | 0.533b |
| Total | 85 (46.4) | 51 (53.7) | 34 (50) | 0.239b |
| Metastasis | 22 (12) | 14 (14.7) | 8 (9.1) | 0.102c |
| Technique effectiveness | 183 (100) | 95 (100) | 88 (100) | 1.000b |
| Major complications | 3 (1.6) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (2.3) | 0.609b |
| Unless otherwise indicated data are number of patients, with percentage in parentheses; a Student's t-test; b Pearson χ2-test; c Fisher’s exact test; * Data are means SD ± mean; † Data are medians, with data range. MWA, microwave ablation; IDR, intrahepatic distant recurrence; LTP, local tumor progression; ALBI, albumin- bilirubin; CTP, child-turcotte-pugh; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transferase. | ||||