1.
Clinical outcomes of NK cell immunotherapy (2017–2019)
| Indication | Source of NK cells | Therapeutic regimen | Outcome | Reference |
| AML: acute myeloid leukemia; CML: chronic myeloid leukemia; CR: complete response; MDS: myelodysplastic syndrome; MM: multiple myeloma; PD: disease progression; PFS: progression-free survival; PR: partial response; Rd: dissociated response; SD: disease stabilization. | ||||
| Allogenic PB-NK | Hepatic carcinoma | 20 × 106 NK cells/kg on day 1 to day 3, monthly, 1–6 infusions | 3/16 PR
8/16 SD 5/16 PD PFS was 7.5 months (range, 2–12 months) |
64 |
| Allogenic PB-NK | Children with intermediate- or high-risk AML | Cyclophosphamide (day −7), fludarabine(days −6 through −2), and subcutaneous interleukin-2 (days −1, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9), 3.6–62.2 × 106 NK cells/kg were infused on day 0, 4–5 infusions | 8/21 relapse occurred between 186 and 629 days after NK cell infusion3/21 died of the disease | 65 |
| Allogenic PB-NK | Liver metastases of gastrointestinal carcinoma | 3.1–12.1 × 106 NK cells/kg were infused on day 0, cetuximab intravenously first on day 7, weekly, 7 infusions | 1/9 PR
2/9 SD 5/9 PD 1/9 Rd |
66 |
| Allogenic PB-NK | Children with recurrent/refractory neuroblastoma | hu14.18K322A, 40 mg/m2/dose, days 2–5, 7 infusions GM-CSF, and IL2 with chemotherapy: cyclophosphamide/topotecan (courses 1,2), irinotecan/temozolomide (courses 3,4), and ifosfamide/carboplatin/etoposide (courses 5,6) 4.7–59.5 x 106/kg NK cells were administered with courses 2, 4, and 6 | 4/13 CR
4/13 PR 5/13 SD Median time to progression was 274 days (range, 239–568 days)10 /13 patients survived 1 year |
67 |
| Allogenic PB-NK | High-risk neuroblastoma | NK cells at one of five dose levels ranging from 1 to 50 x 106 CD3-CD56+ cells/kg | 10/35 CR or PR
8/35 PD 17/35 no response |
68 |
| Allogenic PB-NK | AML
CML MDS |
Melphalan (day -7), fludarabine (days -7, -6, -5, and -4). 200 cGy total body irradiation (day -3), 1 × 105 to 1 × 108/kg/dose NK cells (days -2, -7, and -28). Bone marrow graft was infused fresh on day 0 | 54% developed grade 1–2 aGVHD; a low incidence of viral complications was observed.
1/13 died of non-relapse mortality 1/13 relapsed 11/13 alive and in remission at last follow-up (median 14.7 months) |
52 |
| Autologous PB-NK | Gastric or colorectal cancer | IgG1 antibodies treated on weeks -3, 3, 6, 10.
NK cells, 3 doses 0.5 × 109 cells/injection on week 0, 3 doses 1.0 × 109 cells/injection on week 3, 2.0 ×109 cells/injection on week 6 |
4/6 SD
2/6 PD |
69 |
| Autologous PB-NK | Locally advanced colon carcinoma | Pre-treatment with 5-fluorouracil or oxaliplatin, then patients were treated with chemotherapy combined with NK cells 2.4−4.0 × 109/injection | Median PFS 23.5 months
Prevented recurrence Prolonged survival with acceptable adverse effects Poorly differentiated carcinomas |
50 |
| CB-NK | MM | Lenalidomide on days -8 to -2, melphalan on day-7, 5 × 106 to 1 × 108 CB-NK cells/kg on day -5 and auto-HCT on day 0 | 8/10 CR
Median follow-up of 21 months, 4/10 progressed or relapsed, 2/10 died |
51 |