. 2019 Aug 27;160(11):2646–2662. doi: 10.1210/en.2019-00493

Table 3.

Effect of Fetal Sex and (+)-Naloxone Treatment on Cytokine Expression in Fetal and Gestational Tissues after LPS Administration

	Sex^a	(+)-naloxone^a	Sex–(+)-Naloxone Interaction^a	LPS		LPS + (+)-Naloxone
	Sex^a	(+)-naloxone^a	Sex–(+)-Naloxone Interaction^a	Male	Female	Male	Female
Placenta (n)				10	6	5	11
IL-1A	NS	0.024	NS	1.43 ± 0.20	1.24 ± 0.14	1.00 ± 0.06	0.87 ± 0.11
IL-1B	NS	0.005	NS	1.35 ± 0.18	1.60 ± 0.25	1.01 ± 0.12	0.83 ± 0.12^b
IL-6	NS	0.001	0.072	2.49 ± 0.51	3.42 ± 0.61	1.69 ± 0.96	0.96 ± 0.15^b
TNF	NS	NS	NS	3.85 ± 1.16	3.69 ± 0.39	3.33 ± 0.41	2.08 ± 0.31
IL-10	NS	NS	NS	1.42 ± 0.23	1.38 ± 0.23	1.19 ± 0.16	1.00 ± 0.24
Fetal membrane (n)				10	6	5	11
IL-1A	NS	NS	NS	1.58 ± 0.62	1.24 ± 0.24	1.31 ± 0.59	1.29 ± 0.34
IL-1B	NS	NS	NS	2.23 ± 0.65	1.06 ± 0.18	1.15 ± 0.35	1.02 ± 0.13
IL-6	NS	0.05	NS	2.30 ± 0.24	2.31 ± 0.45	1.16 ± 0.33	1.38 ± 0.28
TNF	NS	NS	NS	5.28 ± 1.90	3.01 ± 0.45	2.58 ± 0.46	2.59 ± 0.21
IL-10	NS	NS	NS	2.28 ± 0.78	1.84 ± 0.36	1.11 ± 0.21	1.81 ± 0.42
Fetal brain (n)				10	6	5	11
IL-1A	NS	0.020	NS	3.40 ± 0.84	2.31 ± 0.31	1.72 ± 0.20	1.10 ± 0.08
IL-1B	NS	0.096	0.054	2.56 ± 0.29	3.35 ± 0.75	2.68 ± 0.49	1.81 ± 0.21^c
IL-6	NS	NS	NS	2.12 ± 0.14	2.07 ± 0.47	1.99 ± 0.34	1.46 ± 0.28
TNF	NS	NS	NS	1.67 ± 0.20	1.70 ± 0.24	1.42 ± 0.12	1.31 ± 0.10
IL-10	0.015	NS	NS	3.20 ± 0.47	2.06 ± 0.27	2.53 ± 0.38	1.73 ± 0.16
Decidua (n)				10	6	5	11
IL-1A	NS	0.090	NS	2.71 ± 0.31	2.64 ± 0.32	2.18 ± 0.97	1.63 ± 0.33
IL-1B	NS	NS	NS	6.08 ± 0.61	5.93 ± 0.62	6.01 ± 1.38	3.99 ± 0.56
IL-6	NS	0.025	0.030	13.83 ± 1.63	17.28 ± 2.52	13.67 ± 3.95	6.92 ± 1.48^b
TNF	NS	NS	NS	13.77 ± 1.20	13.57 ± 1.43	17.76 ± 6.91	9.21 ± 1.50
IL-10	NS	0.042	NS	8.21 ± 0.52	9.86 ± 1.64	7.38 ± 1.53	5.68 ± 1.11^b
PTGS2	0.055	NS	0.035	4.41 ± 1.03	4.67 ± 0.92	7.50 ± 2.58	2.30 ± 0.50
Myometrium (n)				10	6	5	11
IL-1A	0.042	NS	NS	3.00 ± 0.88	1.65 ± 0.18	3.10 ± 0.74	1.59 ± 0.27
IL-1B	0.035	NS	NS	8.94 ± 0.81	7.00 ± 0.72	9.04 ± 2.23	6.24 ± 0.70
IL-6	0.009	NS	NS	19.00 ± 2.84	12.24 ± 2.06	16.16 ± 3.01	7.65 ± 2.08
TNF	NS	NS	0.055	9.81 ± 2.22	5.83 ± 0.43	6.10 ± 0.76	8.69 ± 0.85
IL-10	0.002	0.031	NS	3.99 ± 0.37	2.65 ± 0.13^d	3.07 ± 0.49	1.97 ± 0.26
PTGS2	0.093	NS	NS	12.11 ± 4.01	5.68 ± 1.12	6.41 ± 1.33	2.96 ± 0.99

Abbreviation: NS, not significant.

^{^a}

Main effects of sex, (+)-naloxone, and sex–(+)-naloxone interaction were determined by linear mixed model analysis, and P values are reported when P < 0.10.

^{^b}

P < 0.05, LPS + (+)-naloxone vs LPS alone, within same sex by ANOVA.

^{^c}

P < 0.10, LPS + (+)-naloxone vs LPS alone, within same sex by ANOVA.

^{^d}

P < 0.01 male vs female, within treatment group by ANOVA.