Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants* in intervention and control arms
| Baseline 1 (before follow-up began) |
Baseline 2 (before training began) |
|||||||
| Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | |||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Participants with asthma | 2206 | 100.0 | 2017 | 100.0 | 2161 | 100.0 | 1918 | 100.0 |
| Sex (male) | 614 | 27.8 | 515 | 25.5 | 591 | 27.4 | 485 | 25.3 |
| Inhaled corticosteroid ever | 820 | 37.2 | 814 | 40.4 | 752 | 34.8 | 703 | 36.7 |
| Short acting beta2-agonist ever | 761 | 34.5 | 755 | 37.4 | 705 | 32.6 | 652 | 34.0 |
| Long acting beta2-agonist+ICS ever | 302 | 13.7 | 320 | 15.9 | 269 | 12.5 | 275 | 14.3 |
| Any of the above ever prescribed | 995 | 45.1 | 1005 | 49.8 | 911 | 42.2 | 883 | 46.0 |
| †Asthma score=0 | 1782 | 80.8 | 1502 | 74.5 | 1748 | 80.9 | 1483 | 77.3 |
| Asthma score=1 | 366 | 16.6 | 428 | 21.2 | 348 | 16.1 | 369 | 19.2 |
| Asthma score=2 | 58 | 2.6 | 87 | 4.3 | 65 | 3.0 | 66 | 3.4 |
| Asthma score: start or change treatment‡ | 339 | 15.4 | 387 | 19.2 | 319 | 14.8 | 333 | 17.4 |
| Asthma score: spirometry‡ | 143 | 6.5 | 215 | 10.7 | 159 | 7.4 | 168 | 8.8 |
| COPD ever diagnosed | 442 | 20.0 | 468 | 20.2 | 437 | 20.2 | 453 | 23.6 |
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Clinic level asthma score | 0.214 | 0.107 | 0.293 | 0.124 | 0.206 | 0.110 | 0.287 | 0.119 |
| Age (years) | 48.3 | 18.0 | 49.1 | 17.9 | 48.0 | 18.8 | 48.7 | 17.8 |
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Participants with COPD | 1042 | 100.0 | 1190 | 100.0 | 1025 | 100.0 | 1169 | 100.0 |
| Sex (male) | 450 | 43.2 | 493 | 40.7 | 445 | 43.4 | 471 | 40.3 |
| Inhaled corticosteroid ever | 343 | 32.9 | 390 | 32.2 | 306 | 29.9 | 342 | 29.5 |
| Short acting beta2-agonist ever | 302 | 29.0 | 341 | 32.2 | 274 | 26.7 | 299 | 25.6 |
| Long acting beta2-agonist+ICS ever | 213 | 20.9 | 264 | 28.1 | 188 | 18.3 | 223 | 19.1 |
| Any of the above ever prescribed | 463 | 44.4 | 549 | 45.3 | 417 | 40.7 | 482 | 41.2 |
| COPD score=0† | 88.1 | 84.6 | 943 | 77.8 | 849 | 82.8 | 948 | 81.1 |
| COPD score=1 | 130 | 12.5 | 220 | 18.2 | 145 | 14.2 | 175 | 15.0 |
| COPD score=2 | 31 | 3.0 | 48 | 4.0 | 31 | 3.0 | 46 | 4.9 |
| COPD score: start or change treatment‡ | 93 | 8.9 | 137 | 11.3 | 95 | 9.3 | 125 | 10.7 |
| COPD score: spirometry‡ | 99 | 9.5 | 181 | 14.9 | 112 | 10.9 | 142 | 12.2 |
| Asthma ever diagnosed | 442 | 42.4 | 468 | 38.6 | 437 | 42.6 | 453 | 38.8 |
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Age (mean) | 62.2 | 13.4 | 61.9 | 13.4 | 61.7 | 13.1 | 61.1 | 13.6 |
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Participants with asthma or COPD | 2806 | 100.0 | 2761 | 100.0 | 2749 | 100.0 | 2632 | 100.0 |
| Sex (male) | 885 | 31.5 | 840 | 30.4 | 857 | 31.2 | 794 | 30.1 |
| Cardiovascular disease newly diagnosed§ | 91 | 3.2 | 124 | 4.5 | 1147 | 4.2 | 130 | 4.9 |
| Cardiovascular risk assessed¶ | 1785 | 63.6 | 1751 | 63.4 | 1829 | 66.5 | 1791 | 68.0 |
| Diabetes newly diagnosed | 91 | 3.2 | 113 | 4.1 | 86 | 3.1 | 97 | 3.7 |
| Nicotine or buproprion or nortriptyline prescribed | 76 | 2.7 | 102 | 3.7 | 87 | 3.2 | 90 | 3.4 |
| Depression newly diagnosed | 69 | 2.5 | 107 | 3.9 | 65 | 2.4 | 80 | 3.0 |
| Antidepressant treatment started | 87 | 3.1 | 118 | 4.3 | 105 | 3.8 | 117 | 4.4 |
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Clinic level COPD score | 0.186 | 0.078 | 0.269 | 0.173 | 0.202 | 0.834 | 0.225 | 0.102 |
| Age (years) | 51.3 | 18.0 | 52.7 | 17.8 | 51.1 | 17.8 | 52.2 | 17.6 |
| Clinic level diagnosis and hospital admission ratios** | ||||||||
| New asthma and COPD diagnoses | 10.3 | 4.2 | 10.9 | 4.7 | 11.2 | 4.3 | 9.5 | 3.1 |
| New asthma diagnoses | 7.3 | 3.2 | 7.4 | 3.9 | 7.8 | 3.7 | 6.2 | 2.7 |
| New COPD diagnoses | 3.0 | 1.9 | 3.6 | 2.2 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 3.3 | 1.4 |
| Hospital admissions for asthma or COPD | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.80 | 0.61 | 0.57 | 0.65 | 0.59 | 0.46 |
*Excludes participants newly diagnosed with asthma or COPD during follow-up.
†Primary outcomes.
‡Components added to create primary outcomes.
§ICD-10 I00–I99.
¶Blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose and/or ECG recorded.
**No of new diagnoses or hospital admissions: 1000 adults visiting clinic during the year.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid.