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. 2019 Dec 20;34(12):2443–2455. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dez180

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Spermatogonia present in testicular fragments cultured for 5 weeks. (a) Immunohistological identification of MAGEA4 (brown) spermatogonia in a MAGEA4/PCNA (pink) double staining. Scale bars: black = 50 μm; grey = 100 μm. (b) Percentage of seminiferous tubules containing at least one MAGEA4-positive cell in fresh (pink) and cryopreserved (blue) testicular fragments cultured in medium without (medium I; faint colour) or with FSH/LH supplementation (medium II; dark colour). Single dots represent results from individual patients, and the boxplot displays the median and 25th and 75th percentiles of all patients at each time point in culture. Mixed-effect linear model revealed a statistically significant reduction (P ≤ 0.001) during culture.