. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 30.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Board Fam Med. 2018 Nov-Dec;31(6):844–856. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2018.06.180019

Table 2.

Practitioner characteristics overall and according to whether they participated in activities assessed.

	All		Any clinical study		Any questionnaire study		Any meeting		In network 10+ years
	N¹ (n=3,669)	% (col²%)	N¹ (n=762)	% (row³%)	N¹ (n=2,963)	% (row³%)	N¹ (n=700)	% (row³%)	N¹ (n=297)	% (row³%)

Gender
Male	2,466	73%	490	20%	2,040	83%	501	20%	235	10%
Female	891	27%	192	22%	710	80%	183	21%	60	7%
				p⁴ = 0.3		p = 0.04		p = 0.9		p = 0.01
Race-ethnicity
White	2,740	80%	540	20%	2,284	83%	499	18%	254	9%
Black	146	4%	34	23%	121	83%	44	30%	16	11%
Asian	323	9%	78	24%	255	79%	83	26%	14	4%
Hispanic	191	6%	31	16%	141	74%	46	24%	5	3%
Other/multi⁵	34	1%	14	41%	30	88%	12	35%	6	18%
				p = 0.004		p = 0.005		p < 0.001		p < 0.001
Year graduated dental school
Before 1980	793	23%	139	18%	673	85%	163	21%	77	10%
1980–89	1,057	31%	237	22%	888	84%	233	22%	103	10%
1990–99	717	21%	143	20%	556	78%	154	21%	80	11%
2000+	891	26%	181	20%	731	82%	136	15%	36	4%
				p = 0.08		p < 0.001		p < 0.001		p < 0.001
Practice type
Private	2,741	80%	491	18%	2,236	82%	441	16%	165	6%
HP/PDA⁶	120	3%	21	18%	114	95%	28	23%	2	2%
Public	128	4%	9	7%	113	88%	22	17%	0	0%
Academic	131	4%	13	10%	79	60%	39	30%	1	1%
Other/changed	317	9%	157	50%	287	91%	150	47%	129	41%
				p < 0.001		p < 0.001		p < 0.001		p < 0.001
Region
Western	469	13%	157	33%	381	81%	137	29%	34	7%
Midwest	343	10%	111	32%	272	79%	115	34%	36	10%
Southwest	616	18%	117	19%	475	77%	73	12%	0	0%
South Central	884	25%	156	18%	785	89%	176	20%	176	20%
South Atlantic	533	15%	97	18%	464	87%	99	19%	51	10%
Northeast	636	18%	67	11%	488	77%	89	14%	0	0%
				p < 0.001		p < 0.001		p < 0.001		p < 0.001

Numbers not summing to total N in column heading due to missing data.

Column (overall) percent. Excludes missing; column percents not summing to 100 within each practitioner/practice characteristic is due to rounding.

Percent of row characteristic that has column characteristic, e.g., percent of male practitioners who participated in a clinical study.

⁴

P-value from chi-square test or Fisher exact test for difference in proportions.

⁵

Of the 34 Other/multi-race: 14 multi, 9 American Indian/Alaskan, 7 Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 4 different race each cycle.

⁶

Practices in the Health Partners Dental Group (Minnesota) or the Permanente Dental Associates (Oregon).