Table 6. Logistic regression—Severe/hospitalized LRTI vs maternal psychosocial risk factors stratified by age.
| 0–3 monthsa | 3–6 monthsb | 6–9 monthsc | 9–12 monthsd | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal psychosocial risk factor | Adjusted OR (95% CI), p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI), p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI), p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI), p-value |
| Depression | ||||
| Antenatal (n 1 = 994; n 2 = 936; n 3 = 994; n 4 = 994) | 1.23 (0.74; 2.07), 0.425 | 2.55 (1.08; 6.01), 0.032 | 0.84 (0.28; 2.50), 0.760 | 1.16 (0.50; 2.69), 0.731 |
| Postnatal—10 weeks (n 1 = 627; n 2 = 538; n 3 = 627; n 4 = 627) | 1.29 (0.60; 2.79), 0.520 | 1.00 (0.24; 4.16), 0.996 | 1.99 (0.55; 7.14), 0.291 | 0.95 (0.30; 3.07), 0.936 |
| Postnatal—6 months (n 1 = 579; n 2 = 546; n 3 = 579; n 4 = 536) | 1.39 (0.62; 3.12), 0.431 | 0.93 (0.23; 3.76), 0.921 | 1.83 (0.42; 8.01), 0.424 | 0.30 (0.04; 2.46), 0.260 |
| Postnatal—12 months (n 1 = 653; n 2 = 624; n 3 = 624; n 4 = 653) | 2.46 (1.24; 4.87), 0.010 | 0.80 (0.21; 3.14), 0.752 | 1.80 (0.54; 5.97), 0.335 | 1.53 (0.51; 4.61), 0.448 |
| Psychological distress | ||||
| Antenatal (n 1 = 991; n 2 = 933; n 3 = 991; n 4 = 991) | 1.44 (0.85; 2.45), 0.177 | 1.11 (0.42; 2.94), 0.829 | 1.22 (0.42; 3.54), 0.719 | 1.53 (0.66; 3.57), 0.325 |
| Postnatal—10 weeks (n 1 = 628; n 2 = 539; n 3 = 628; n 4 = 628) | 1.67 (0.68; 4.07), 0.260 | 3.33 (0.70; 15.93), 0.132 | 3.12 (0.79; 12.38), 0.106 | 1.12 (0.28; 4.52), 0.870 |
| Postnatal—6 months(n 1 = 578; n 2 = 546; n 3 = 578; n 4 = 535) | 3.01 (1.14; 7.96), 0.026 | 0.74 (0.13; 4.20), 0.737 | 1.27 (0.19; 8.55), 0.807 | 0.45 (0.05; 4.31), 0.491 |
| Postnatal—12 months (n 1 = 684; n 2 = 652; n 3 = 652; n 4 = 684) | 1.66 (0.68; 4.06), 0.270 | 1.57 (0.36; 6.78), 0.547 | 4.31 (1.04; 17.76), 0.043 | 0.75 (0.15; 3.70), 0.727 |
| IPV | ||||
| Antenatal (n 1 = 994; n 2 = 936; n 3 = 994; n 4 = 994) | 0.92 (0.56; 1.51), 0.748 | 1.09 (0.46; 2.59), 0.851 | 1.04 (0.39; 2.78), 0.932 | 0.96 (0.43; 2.16), 0.920 |
| Postnatal—10 weeks (n 1 = 628; n 2 = 539; n 3 = 628; n 4 = 628) | 1.37 (0.69; 2.72), 0.367 | 3.63 (1.06; 12.40), 0.040 | 2.04 (0.58; 7.27), 0.269 | 0.82 (0.27; 2.45), 0.722 |
| Postnatal—6 months (n 1 = 577; n 2 = 544; n 3 = 577; n 4 = 534) | 2.28 (1.14; 4.60), 0.021 | 3.54 (1.08; 11.53), 0.036 | 0.63 (0.13; 3.04), 0.565 | 1.00 (0.31; 3.29), 0.997 |
| Postnatal—12 months (n 1 = 675; n 2 = 644; n 3 = 644; n 4 = 675) | 3.12 (1.71; 5.68), <0.001* | 1.53 (0.52; 4.53), 0.440 | 1.04 (0.32; 3.36), 0.948 | 1.10 (0.44; 2.74), 0.846 |
| Alcohol exposure | ||||
| Antenatal (n 1 = 993; n 2 = 935; n 3 = 993; n 4 = 993) | 2.95 (1.27; 6.84), 0.012 | 1.60 (0.34; 7.55), 0.550 | 1.87 (0.39; 9.01), 0.435 | 3.64 (1.10; 12.00), 0.034 |
| Postnatal—10 weeks (n 1 = 625; n 2 = 536 n 3 = 625; n 4 = 625) | 0.91 (0.23; 3.56), 0.887 | 1.40 (0.14; 14.11), 0.774 | 1.15 (0.12; 11.36), 0.902 | 0.43 (0.04; 4.43), 0.476 |
| Postnatal—6 months (n 1 = 571; n 2 = 538; n 3 = 571; n 4 = 528) | 0.76 (0.17; 3.47), 0.723 | 2.31 (0.46; 11.65), 0.310 | 1.67 (0.19; 15.03), 0.648 | 0.61 (0.07; 5.32), 0.656 |
| Postnatal—12 months (n 1 = 583; n 2 = 556; n 3 = 556; n 4 = 556) | 0.46 (0.14; 1.52), 0.202 | 1.85 (0.46; 7.48), 0.390 | 0.46 (0.05; 4.15), 0.493 | 0.75 (0.18; 3.14), 0.689 |
IPV, Intimate partner violence.
a-d Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for antenatal maternal psychosocial risk factor (in postnatal models); sex; recruitment site; HIV exposure; maternal education achievement; SES quartile; and LRTI in previous period
*Still significant if 1% significance level considered