Effects of IL-15 on DC differentiation, maturation and costimulatory molecule expression (A) CD14 bead selected monocytes were differentiated into DCs for five days with IL-4 and GM-CSF, analyzed by flow cytometry for upregulation of CD11c and HLA-II, Representative flow graphs before and after differentiation (First two panels). CD11c+ HLA-II+ DCs recovered from long-term IL-15 and control cultures were counted and charted as percent differentiated cells over initial number seeded or recovered absolute DC number (connected dot graphs). (B) CD80, CD86 and HLA-II levels were measured via surface staining in DCs after differentiation from human monocytes in culture with (long term exposure) or without IL-15. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD80, CD86 and HLA-II (HLA-DP, DQ, DR) are shown as a bar graph. The experiment was run in triplicate wells; the cells were from a single donor. The experiment was repeated with PBMCs from more than three different donors. ns, not significant.