Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Groups | P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | T1DM-Aware | T1DM-Unaware | ANOVA | HC vs AW | AW vs UW | HC vs UW | |
| (N = 12) | (N = 15) | (N = 12) | |||||
| Number of subjects (F/M) | 7/5 | 12/3 | 7/5 | 0.38 | |||
| Age (years) | 32.0 ± 3.1 | 30.0±2.0 | 41.7±3.4 | 0.01 | 0.61 | 0.005 | 0.024 |
| Education (years) | 17.1 ± 0.8 | 17.0±0.9 | 16.3±0.9 | 0.76 | 0.94 | 0.532 | 0.50 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 0.8 | 23.3±0.9 | 27.0±0.9 | 0.009 | 0.72 | 0.004 | 0.01 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 7.0±0.2 | 6.9±0.2 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.51 | <0.001 |
| Duration diabetes (years) | — | 12.7±2.7 | 25.4±2.3 | — | — | 0.002 | — |
| C-peptide (ng/ml) | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 0.26±0.1 | 0.1±0.0 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.61 | <0.001 |
| Severe hypoglycemic episodes last year (n) | — | 0.1±0.1 | 1.0±0.4 | — | — | 0.03 | — |
| Clarke score | — | 0.8±0.2 | 5.1±0.3 | — | — | <0.001 | — |
| Gold | — | 2.4±0.2 | 4.6±0.3 | — | — | 0.001 | — |
Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; AW, aware; BMI, body mass index; F/M, female/male; HC, healthy controls; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; UW, unaware.