Table 5.
Indications for tracheotomy and the outcomes after tracheotomy: a review of the previous studies
| Authors (country) | Years | Number* | Age, years | Institution | Allowed 2 or more indications for a child | Indication for tracheotomy, % | Decannulation, % | Mortality, % |
| Lewis et al (USA)4 | 1997 | 4861 | NA | Multiple | No | Trauma, 35.1 CLD, 17.0 UAO, 6.3 CFA, 5.6 Other congenital disorders, 4.6 ND, 4.4 Malignancy, 4.0 Prematurity, 3.5 Other, 19.5 |
NA | NA |
| Berry et al (USA)6 | 2006† | 4751 | Median (IQR), 1.0 (0–14) |
Multiple | Yes | ND, 46.4 CLD, 44.3 UAO, 27.6 Trauma, 25.1 Congenital heart disease, 18.1 Prematurity, 12.8 Upper airway infection, 8.6 |
NA | 8.5 |
| Berry et al (USA)5 | 2002–2007 | 917 | Mean (SD), 3.8 (5.5) |
Multiple | Yes | CLD, 55.9 ND, 47.6 UAO, 46.7 Prematurity, 17.0 Trauma, 7.6 Other, 7.1 |
8.8 | 7.7 |
| Ogilvie et al (Canada)1 | 2002–2011‡ | 55 | NA | Single | No | NA§ | 42.0 | NA |
| Lawrason et al (USA)11 | 2006–2011¶ | 82 | Mean (SD), 3.5 (5.5) |
Single | No | UAO, 32.9 PV, 28.0 ND, 13.4 CFA, 15.9 Trauma, 7.3 VCP, 2.4 |
NA | NA |
| Lin et al (Taiwan)8 | 1997–2012 | 151 | Mean (SD), 4.6 (5.8) |
Single | No | ND, 40.8 UAO, 28.9 CFA, 13.4 PV, 10.6 Trauma, 6.3 |
14.1 | 19.0 |
| Funamura et al (USA)10 | 2003–2012 | 113 | Mean (SD), 5.2 (6.1) |
Single | No | ND, 38.9 Cardiopulmonary, 21.2 UAO, 19.5 CFA, 10.6 Trauma, 9.7 |
31.9 | NA |
| Yu et al (USA)13 | 2005–2013 | 273 | Median (IQR), months 6 (1–51) |
Single | Yes | CLD, 56.8 ND, 54.2 Prematurity, 35.5 UAO, 34.4 Trauma, 4.4 |
NA | NA |
| Russell et al (USA)7 | 2007–2013 | 8009 | Median, (IQR), months 5 (1–50) |
Multiple | Yes | CLD, 48.7 ND, 47.0 UAO, 37.3 Prematurity, 16.9 Trauma, 6.5 |
NA | NA |
| Resen et al. (Denmark)3 | 2006–2014** | 122 | Median (IQR) 8 (1–13) |
Single | No | ND, 21 Neoplasms, 17 Trauma, 17 Congenital malformations, 15 Other respiratory diseases, 13 UAO, 3 Upper airway infection, 3 Other, 12 |
NA | NA |
| Mizuno et al (Japan) (this study) |
2005–2017 | 215 | Median (IQR), 0.8 (0.3–4.4) |
Multiple | Yes | CLD, 36.7 ND, 35.8 Cardiovascular disease, 24.2 UAO, 20.0 Prematurity, 15.8 Trauma, 7.4 PV, 5.6 Malignancy, 4.2 |
39.1 | 14.4 |
*The number of tracheotomy included in the study.
†The study reported the results of subgroup analyses for children who underwent tracheotomy in 1997, 2000, 2003 and 2006. In this table, the results of 2006 were showed.
‡The study reported the results of subgroup analyses for children who underwent tracheotomy in 1982–1991, 1992–2001 and 2002–2011. In this table, the results of 2002–2011 were showed.
§Only a figure was showed, and the rate was not known.
¶The study reported the results of subgroup analyses for children who underwent tracheotomy in 2000–2005 and 2006–2011. In this table, the results of 2006–2011 were showed.
**The study reported the results of subgroup analyses for children who underwent tracheotomy in 1979–1987, 1988–1996, 1997–2005 and 2006–2014. In this table, the results of 2006–2014 were showed.
CFA, craniofacial anomalies; CLD, chronic lung disease; NA, not applicable; ND, neuromuscular disease;PV, prolonged ventilation; UAO, upper airway obstruction;VCP, vocal cord paralysis.