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. 2019 Dec 30;9:20271. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56854-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mammary tumor latency and multiplicity during valproic acid (VPA) and hydralazine treatment. (a) Mammary tumor latency was significantly (p-value obtained by Holm-Sidak post-hoc analysis shown in figure) shorter in high fat (HF) offspring, compared with control (CON) offspring. Treatment with VPA/hydralazine non-significantly shortened tumor latency in CON offspring, but had opposite effect on HF offspring (p for interaction = 0.047). (b) Mammary tumor multiplicity (number of tumors per mice) was significantly higher in HF offspring, compared with CON offspring. Treatment with VPA/hydralazine significantly reduced tumor multiplicity in HF offspring (p for interaction = 0.027). Means and SEM of 18–30 mice per group are shown.