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. 2019 Dec 30;9:20271. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56854-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of valproic acid (VPA) and hydralazine on tumor suppressor gene expression in mammary tumors. (a) Cdkn2a expression was significantly lower in HF offspring than in controls (p for group = 0.034), and significantly increased by VPA/hydralazine (p for treatment = 0.015). Post-hoc analysis showed that the effect of VPA/hydralazine was significant in HF offspring (p-value shown in figure). Neither (b) Brca1 nor (c) PTEN expression was altered in mammary tumors. Means and SEM of 4–7 malignant adenocarcinomas per group are shown.