Table 1.

Timing and rate of N, P and K fertilizer application under two nitrogen management practices in the field experiment.

Growth Stage	Farmers’ fertilizer practices (FFP)				Optimized N treatments (OPT)
	Days after transplanting	N, amount (kg ha−1), rate (%)	K2O, amount (kg ha−1), rate (%)	P2O5, amount (kg ha−1), rate (%)	Days after transplanting	N, amount (kg N ha−1), rate (%)	K2O, amount (kg ha−1), rate (%)	P2O5, amount (kg ha−1), rate (%)
Basal dressing	−1	45, 30	67.5, 50	60, 100	−1	48, 40	67.5, 50	60, 100
Recovering and rooting	3	30, 20	—	—		—	—	—
Early tillering	7	45, 30	—	—		—	—	—
Mid-tillering		—	—	—	15	24, 20	—	—
Late tillering	20	30, 20	—	—		—	—	—
Panicle initiation	32	—	67.5, 50	—	32	36, 30	67.5, 50	—
Heading		—	—	—	70	12, 10	—	—
Total		150, 100	135, 100	60, 100	120, 100	135, 100	60, 100