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. 2019 Dec 30;9:20338. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56692-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) I-V characteristic as a function of the distance between doping regions for constant doping densities. (b) I-V characteristic as a function of doping densities at a constant distance between doping regions. (c) Net charge as a function of the applied voltage. (d) The transient analysis provides time constants of 0.313 ns and 0.148 ns, for pin and p+pinn+ configuration, respectively, corresponding to a bandwidth of 0.508 GHz and 1.07 GHz.