Table 1.

Kinin receptors in glioblastoma and other types of cells: Potential functionality in cancer progression

Target	Cell type	Kinin receptor expression	Associated function	References
B1 receptor	C6 Mouse glioma	B1R expression and activity	Cell migration by COX and AP-1 activation	[89]
B1 receptor	Human microglia	B1R upregulation in response to activation	Cell motility and chemotaxis of BK-induced microglial migration is mediated by B1R but not by B2R	[105]
B2 receptor	D54 human GBM	Receptor expression not verified	Glioma invasion is stimulated by DBK to amoeboid type of migration	[136]
B1 receptor	U87 human GBM	B1R expression stimulated by bradykinin	Increase in 3D cell invasion after co-culture with MSCs	[21, 100]
B1 and B2 receptor	U138 and U251 human GBM	Endogenous expression of both B1R and B2R	Both B1R and B2R are involved in glioma cell proliferation	[94]
B1 and B2 Receptors	PC3 prostate cancer	Endogenous expression of both B1R and B2R	B1R and B2R activation is required for the proliferation of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells	[137]
B1R- carboxipeptidase M (CPM) heterodimers	HEK human embryonic kidney	B1R activity and CPM expression	CPM and B1 receptor mediates BK or KD stimulation of B1R signalling, independent of the enzymatic activity of CPM	[138]
B1R-CPM heterodimers	HEK human embryonic kidney	B1R and B2R activity and CPM expression	CPM expression is required to generate a B1R-dependent [Ca2+]i increase by kallidin or bradykinin	[139]
B2 receptor	Adipose–derived human MSCs (ADSCs)	B1R and B2R endogenous expression	BK induced α-Smooth Muscle Actin expression in hADSCs by TGF-β1-Smad2 signalling pathway	[111]
B2 receptor	3 T3 fibroblasts	B2R endogenous expression and activity	Bradykinin promotes formation of peripheral actin microspikes and filopodia in fibroblasts	[140]