Figure 1.

Metabolic dysfunction is a hallmark of aged murine epidermis. A, bidirectional KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway perturbation analysis using GAGE depicting significant defined biological pathways (KEGG Pathways) with genes significantly up and/or down with age. B, unidirectional GSEA showing sets of genes either up or down with age associated with specific gene ontology terms. Gene ontologies are ordered by their normalized enrichment score that signifies how uniform the gene expression change is across all member genes of a set (Gene Set Rank). C, candidate differentially expressed genes in young versus old mouse epidermal stem cells. All analysis in A–C was generated using raw data from GSE84511. Significance was determined by a Benjamini-Hochberg False Discovery Rate adjusted p < 0.05.