Table 4.
Hemodynamic analysis
| Outcome | Levosimendan group (n = 94) | Placebo group (n = 93) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Before surgery | |||
| HR (bpm) | 127.9 ± 12.5 | 130.2 ± 11.2 | 0.185 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 81.1 ± 5.8 | 80.3 ± 7.3 | 0.403 |
| CI (L/min/m2) | 3.42 ± 0.58 | 3.42 ± 0.51 | 0.857 |
| SVRI (dyne s/m2 cm5) | 1134.4 ± 170.5 | 1079.5 ± 158.7 | 0.384 |
| dp/dt (mmHg/ms) | 0.86 ± 0.21 | 0.89 ± 0.23 | 0.265 |
| CCE (units) | 0.38 (0.30, 0.42) | 0.35 (0.24, 0.41) | 0.235 |
| 2 h after surgery | |||
| HR (bpm) | 139.7 ± 13.0 | 138.3 ± 13.7 | 0.464 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 79.4 ± 7.7 | 79.3 ± 7.9 | 0.898 |
| CI (L/min/m2) | 2.60 ± 0.69 | 2.64 ± 0.78 | 0.701 |
| SVRI (dyne s/m2 cm5) | 1899.2 ± 711.5 | 1836.5 ± 856 | 0.626 |
| dp/dt (mmHg/ms) | 0.66 ± 0.29 | 0.65 ± 0.24 | 0.774 |
| CCE (units) | − 0.52 (− 0.89, − 0.16) | − 0.69 (− 1.02, − 0.30) | 0.066 |
| 24 h after surgery | |||
| HR (bpm) | 139.2 ± 14.7 | 135.3 ± 14.3 | 0.073 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 77.1 ± 6.4 | 76.0 ± 9.9 | 0.384 |
| CI(L/min/m2) | 2.63 ± 0.99 | 2.46 ± 0.59 | 0.199 |
| SVRI (dyne s/m2 cm5) | 1746.0 (1481.0, 2073.0) | 1765.0 (1430.0, 2068.0) | 0.466 |
| dp/dt (mmHg/ms) | 0.62 (0.47,0.81) | 0.49 (0.38, 0.70) | 0.013 |
| CCE (units) | − 0.37 (− 0.75, − 0.09) | − 0.54 (− 1.0, − 0.19) | 0.043 |
| 48 h after surgery | |||
| HR (bpm) | 135.0 ± 12.2 | 133.7 ± 15.3 | 0.509 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 79.7 ± 6.6 | 80.8 ± 8.0 | 0.294 |
| CI (L/min/m2) | 2.68 ± 0.52 | 2.63 ± 0.77 | 0.607 |
| SVRI (dyne s/m2 cm5) | 1676.0 (1435.0, 2113.0) | 1624.0 (1338.5, 1974.0) | 0.578 |
| dp/dt (mmHg/ms) | 0.74 ± 0.24 | 0.68 ± 0.27 | 0.234 |
| CCE (units) | − 0.11 (− 0.36,0.10) | − 0.34 (− 0.57,0.02) | 0.002 |
| 72 h after surgery | |||
| HR (bpm) | 129.6 ± 14.2 | 128.8 ± 13.6 | 0.707 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 82.0 ± 7.9 | 80.1 ± 8.8 | 0.120 |
| CI (L/min/m2) | 2.99 ± 0.47 | 2.77 ± 0.56 | 0.01 |
| SVRI (dyne s/m2 cm5) | 1625.8 ± 460.4 | 1612.2 ± 487.5 | 0.861 |
| dp/dt (mmHg/ms) | 0.81 (0.60, 0.99) | 0.76 ± 0.25 | 0.199 |
| CCE (units) | 0.08 (− 0.15, 0.21) | − 0.10 (− 0.42, 0.13) | 0.001 |
Data are means ± standard deviation (SD) or medians [Q1, Q3] for continuous variables and number of subjects (n) and percentage (%) for categorical variables
HR heart rate, SBP systolic blood pressure, CI cardiac index, SVRI systemic vascular resistance index, dp/dtMAX maximum pressure gradient, CCE cardiac cycle efficiency, bpm beats per minute