Table 1.
Summary of the clinical characteristics of the 66 aSAH patients
| No s-ketamine | s-ketamine | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 33 | 33 | ||
| Male | 9 | 15 | 0.125 | |
| Age | 55.8 ± 11.7 | 51.1 ± 8.0 | 0.064 | |
| MAP (mmHg) | 95.8 ± 16.3 | 100.7 ± 8.1 | 0.125 | |
| ICP (mmHg) | 13.1 ± 15.0 | 11.2 ± 4.1 | 0.500 | |
| CPP (mmHg) | 83.0 ± 28.2 | 89.6 ± 8.9 | 0.219 | |
| Pneumonia | 16 | 20 | 0.323 | |
| Urinary tract infection | 6 | 4 | 0.492 | |
| Monitoring days | 14.8 ± 4.9 | 17.0 ± 2.3 | 0.024 | |
| AcoA | 9 | 13 | 0.649 | |
| ACoP | 2 | 1 | ||
| BCA | 0 | 1 | ||
| ICA | 3 | 3 | ||
| MCA | 18 | 15 | ||
| PericA | 1 | 0 | ||
| Aneurysm diameter | 7.5 ± 5.1 | 7.3 ± 4.4 | 0.864 | |
| WFNS | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0.405 |
| 2 | 7 | 2 | ||
| 3 | 3 | 3 | ||
| 4 | 7 | 11 | ||
| 5 | 13 | 15 | ||
| Modified Fisher Scale | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.198 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3 | 10 | 5 | ||
| 4 | 21 | 28 | ||
| ICH | 10 | 12 | 0.763 | |
| No ICH | 23 | 21 | ||
| Infarction | Areal | 20 | 21 | 0.683 |
| Lacunar | 4 | 3 | ||
| No | 9 | 9 | ||
| eGOS | 1 | 7 | 8 | 0.154 |
| 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
| 3 | 7 | 6 | ||
| 4 | 5 | 8 | ||
| 5 | 2 | 6 | ||
| 6 | 3 | 1 | ||
| 7 | 4 | 1 | ||
| 8 | 4 | 1 | ||
Neuroimaging was performed following standard care when clinical deterioration was noted. No strict imaging protocol was established for the purpose of the study. Therefore, caution is warranted in the interpretation of the imaging results. CT and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were analyzed to identify focal lesions (infarct or hemorrhage). VK analyzed the neuroimages blinded to the clinical courses and ECoG analyses. An infarct with a diameter ≤ 15 mm was denoted as “lacunar.” An infarct > 15 mm was denoted as “areal.” Hyperintensities in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) or hypodensities on CT resulting from ventricular catheters or intraparenchymal hematoma were documented as such. Intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) appeared hypodense on later CT scans. These hypodensities as well as peri-hematomal hypodensities were denoted as “ICH” and not rated as ischemic lesions. All ICHs occurred during the initial hemorrhage. By contrast, ischemic infarcts could occur early or in a delayed fashion. The table reports whether patients developed an ischemic infarct at any time during the clinical course after the hemorrhage. Welch’s t-tests or chi-squared tests were applied as appropriate. ACoA anterior communicating artery, ACoP posterior communicating artery, BCA basilar cerebral artery, ICA internal carotid artery, MCA middle cerebral artery, PericA pericallosal artery, WNFS World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Sheart scale, eGOS extended Glasgow Outcome Scale