Table 2.
Biomarkers of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the diagnostic groups
| Diagnosis | Prion disease | AD | FTD | Controls | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 101 | 40 | 72 | 40 | |
| CHIT1 all (pg/ml), median (IQR) | 3669 (1568–8017) | 2259 (1603–4944) | 2657 (1437–5800) | 1409 (783–2537) | < 0.001a |
| WT (pg/ml), median (IQR) | 4382 (1874–8311) | 2399 (1884–4247) | 3706 (1776–7374) | 2095 (1226–2948) | 0.016a |
| Het (pg/ml), median (IQR) | 4078 (1570–9379) | 2065 (1465–5409) | 1006 (648–1894) | 803 (628–1090) | < 0.001a |
| YKL-40 (ng/ml), median (IQR) | 315 (222–453) | 240 (176–293) | 192 (135–257) | 145 (115–161) | < 0.001a |
| GFAP (ng/ml), median (IQR) | 1.028 (0.636–1.698) | 1.081 (0.534–1.422) | 1.065 (0.667–1.422) | 0.665 (0.409–0.978) | 0.002a |
| t-tau (pg/ml), median (IQR) | 4644 (1977–9223) | 698 (491–1013) | 253 (179–347) | 168 (138–228) | < 0.001a |
| NfL (pg/ml), median (IQR) | 7225 (3879–12,188) | 1405 (942–1730) | 2805 (1382–5158) | 595 (430–831) | < 0.001a |
AD Alzheimer’s disease, CHIT1 chitotriosidase 1, CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, FTD frontotemporal dementia, GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein, Het heterozygotes for CHIT1 24-bp duplication, IQR interquartile range, N number, NfL neurofilament light chain protein, t-tau total tau protein, YKL-40 chitinase-3-like protein 1, WT wild type for CHIT1 24-bp duplication
aKruskal-Wallis test