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. 2019 Dec 31;18:1. doi: 10.1186/s12957-019-1767-5

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 5 — Results of subgroup and meta-regression analyses. a Subgroup analysis. b Meta-regression analysis in all patients. c Meta-regression analysis in resected patients. Abbreviations: NAC(R)T, neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy; SF, surgery first