Table 4.
Hemodynamic parameters
| MAP | Hemodynamic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KP (n=20) | P (n=20) | P | KP (n=20) | P (n=20) | P | |
| Preinduction | 103.25±5.17 | 100.60±5.42 | 0.122 | 80.95±4.55 | 81.10±3.04 | 0.903 |
| Baseline (prior to start of drug) | 95.75±8.40 | 97.00±8.65 | 0.646 | 82.00±7.13 | 82.30±6.59 | 0.891 |
| Head pin application | 102.85±6.18 | 102.55±6.67 | 0.883 | 89.75±5.93 | 89.05±6.43 | 0.722 |
| Burr hole | 98.20±7.08 | 67.90±4.17 | 0.0001* | 86.95±5.43 | 71.75±6.70 | 0.0001* |
| Starting craniotomy | 97.15±6.32 | 69.00±4.63 | 0.0001* | 89.40±6.18 | 69.40±4.41 | 0.0001* |
| Bone flap removal | 98.90±6.11 | 69.95±4.95 | 0.0001* | 88.15±3.53 | 69.80±5.63 | 0.0001* |
| Dural opening | 94.70±4.97 | 70.70±5.29 | 0.0001* | 83.80±7.37 | 69.00±6.29 | 0.0001* |
| Temporary clipping | 96.90±3.91 | 73.85±7.65 | 0.0001* | 74.75±7.54 | 77.20±8.43 | 0.339 |
| Permanent clipping | 90.85±6.30 | 71.10±4.52 | 0.0001* | 85.25±5.48 | 73.25±8.50 | 0.0001* |
| Dural closure | 99.65±7.08 | 76.20±7.89 | 0.0001* | 86.35±4.55 | 74.40±8.05 | 0.0001* |
| Muscle suture | 101.6±6.40 | 77.05±6.44 | 0.0001* | 85.30±4.69 | 71.90±7.31 | 0.0001* |
| Skin suture | 103.45±6.31 | 101.25±6.81 | 0.0001* | 83.70±6.32 | 83.20±8.22 | 0.830 |
| 6 h postoperation | 107.00±10.84 | 99.71±12.20 | 0.0001* | 80.65±15.19 | 80.25±10.76 | 0.924 |
*P value < 0.05 is considered significant. KP=Ketofol, P=Propofol, MAP=Mean arterial pressure