Table 3.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) run characteristics of 80 children with sepsis and septic shock compared between children who survived and children that died
| Characteristic | Variable | Survived | Died | p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 44 (55%) | N = 36 (45%) | |||
| Age | Age (days), median (IQR) | 1241 (36.5, 2595.5) | 308.50 (63.5, 1272) | 0.19 |
| Severity on PICU admissionb | Systolic blood pressure, median (IQR) | 85 (58, 105) | 77 (56, 96) | 0.27 |
| Lactate, median (IQR) | 4.15 (3.3, 6.2) | 6.05 (3.3, 11.1) | 0.002 | |
| Dilated unresponsive pupils | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 0.89 | |
| Cardiac arrest pre-admission | 6 (14%) | 7 (19%) | 0.48 | |
| PIM2, mean (SD) | 0.19 (0.26) | 0.32 (0.31) | 0.052 | |
| PIM2, median (IQR) | 0.09 (0.04, 0.21) | 0.22 (0.06, 0.51) | 0.033 | |
| Therapy in PICU | Intubated | 44 (100%) | 36 (100%) | NA |
| Mechanical ventilation during 1st hour | 37 (84%) | 31 (86%) | 0.80 | |
| Inotropes during 1st hour | 27 (66%) | 30 (88%) | 0.055 | |
| Renal replacement | 27 (61%) | 14 (39%) | 0.045 | |
| High-frequency oscillation ventilation | 11 (25%) | 10 (28%) | 0.78 | |
| Inhaled nitric oxide | 14 (32%) | 9 (25%) | 0.50 | |
| Pre-ECMO physiology | CPR pre ECMO | 11 (25%) | 21 (58%) | 0.002 |
| pH, median (IQR) | 7.14 (7.06, 7.26) | 7.04 (6.98, 7.19) | 0.028 | |
| pCO2, median (IQR) | 47 (40, 57) | 48 (37, 56) | 0.67 | |
| pO2, median (IQR) | 58.5 (40.5, 111.5) | 77 (43, 128) | 0.53 | |
| SaO2, median (IQR) | 90 (71, 96) | 94 (86, 98) | 0.19 | |
| HCO3, median (IQR) | 17 (13, 23) | 14 (9, 18) | 0.027 | |
| PIP/Amplitude, median (IQR) | 30 (26, 38.5) | 35 (26, 48) | 0.27 | |
| PEEP, median (IQR) | 8 (6, 10) | 10 (7, 10.5) | 0.17 | |
| MAP, median (IQR) | 16.0 (13.6, 22.7) | 19.0 (14.0, 26.0) | 0.24 | |
| Respiratory Rate/Hz, median (IQR) | 20 (16, 30) | 26.5 (8, 30) | 0.68 | |
| FiO2 (%), median (IQR) | 100 (60, 100) | 100 (92.5, 100) | 0.45 | |
| SBP, median (IQR) | 80 (60, 100) | 70 (53, 91) | 0.56 | |
| DBP, median (IQR) | 40 (30, 45) | 44 (30, 50) | 0.42 | |
| MBP, median (IQR) | 51.5 (38, 60) | 53.5 (38.5, 62) | 0.96 | |
| ECMO category | Neonatal | 12 (27%) | 9 (25%) | 0.82 |
| Pediatric | 32 (73%) | 27 (75%) | ||
| ECPR | 6 (14%) | 12 (33%) | < 0.001 | |
| ECMO support | Veno-arterial only | 39 (89%) | 35 (97%) | 0.15 |
| Veno-arterial combined with venovenous | 5 (11%) | 1 (3%) | ||
| Time to ECMO (hours)c | 7.00 (1.41, 45.00) | 2.81 (1.00, 13.68) | 0.13 | |
| Central cannulation (initial) | 35 (80%) | 22 (61%) | 0.070 | |
| ECMO flow day 1 (ml/kg/min), median (IQR) | 161 (134, 194) | 156 (101, 190) | 0.51 | |
| ECMO support duration (days), median (IQR) | 4.9 (3.7, 8.2) | 1.7 (0.5, 7.1) | < 0.001 | |
| PICU length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 13.0 (8.9, 28.7) | 2.3 (0.8, 10.9) | < 0.001 |
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, DBT diastolic arterial blood pressure, ECMO extracorporeal life support, ECPR extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, MAP mean airway pressure, MBP mean arterial blood pressure, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, PICU pediatric intensive care unit, PIM2 Pediatric Index of Mortality 2, PIP peak inspiratory pressure, SBP systolic arterial blood pressure
ap value based on two-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) test
bFirst observation, the measure must be obtained within the first 60 min of PICU admission
cTime from PICU admission to ECMO cannulation