Table 2.
Risk of accelerated cognitive decline in dietary and serum cholesterol levels in 2514 participants in the EMCOA
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Dietary cholesterol, mg/d | 1.0002 (0.9995–1.0009) | 0.59 | 1.0002 (0.9995–1.0009) | 0.564 |
| Q1(< 188) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Q2 (188–283) | 0.93 (0.71–1.20) | 0.558 | 0.93 (0.71–1.20) | 0.569 |
| Q3 (283–385) | 1.08 (0.83–1.40) | 0.571 | 1.10 (0.84–1.43) | 0.488 |
| Q4 (> 385) | 1.18 (0.89–1.58) | 0.256 | 1.19 (0.89–1.60) | 0.231 |
| Egg intake, g/d | 1.002 (0.999–1.006) | 0.128 | 1.003 (0.999–1.006) | 0.111 |
| Q1(< 21) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Q2 (21–45) | 0.78 (0.61–1.01) | 0.058 | 0.79 (0.61–1.02) | 0.068 |
| Q3 (45–60) | 1.21 (0.95–1.55) | 0.125 | 1.22 (0.96–1.56) | 0.108 |
| Q4 (> 60) | 1.04 (0.81–1.33) | 0.786 | 1.05 (0.82–1.35) | 0.703 |
| Serum cholesterol, mmol/L | ||||
| TC, mmol/L | 1.15 (1.06–1.26) | 0.002* | 1.15 (1.05–1.26) | 0.002* |
| TC ≤ 5.20 mmol/L | Ref | Ref | ||
| TC > 5.20 mmol/L | 1.26 (1.04–1.53) | 0.020* | 1.26 (1.03–1.53) | 0.022* |
| TG, mol/L | 0.96 (0.89–1.05) | 0.382 | 0.96 (0.89–1.05) | 0.377 |
| TG ≤ 1.70 mmol/L | Ref | Ref | ||
| TG > 1.70 mmol/L | 1.02 (0.86–1.22) | 0.798 | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | 0.818 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.31 (0.97–1.79) | 0.083 | 1.31 (0.96–1.78) | 0.088 |
| 1.70 ≥ HDL-C ≥ 1.04 mmol/L | Ref | Ref | ||
| HDL-C < 1.04 mmol/L | 0.83 (0.66–1.05) | 0.114 | 0.83 (0.66–1.05) | 0.127 |
| HDL-C > 1.70 mmol/L | 1.37 (1.00–1.87) | 0.048* | 1.39 (1.02–1.90) | 0.040* |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 1.26 (1.14–1.40) | < 0.001* | 1.26 (1.14–1.40) | < 0.001* |
| LDL-C ≤ 3.12 mmol/L | Ref | Ref | ||
| LDL-C > 3.12 mmol/L | 1.60 (1.34–1.92) | < 0.001* | 1.60 (1.34–1.92) | < 0.001* |
| Non-HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.15 (1.05–1.27) | 0.004* | 1.15 (1.05–1.27) | 0.004* |
| Non-HDL-C < 3.4 mmol/L | Ref | Ref | ||
| Non-HDL-C ≥ 3.4 mmol/L | 1.54 (1.29–1.84) | < 0.001* | 1.54 (1.29–1.84) | < 0.001* |
| LDL-C/HDL-C | 1.20 (1.07–1.34) | 0.002* | 1.20 (1.07–1.34) | 0.002* |
| 1.31 < LDL-C/HDL-C < 3.19 | Ref | Ref | ||
| LDL-C/HDL-C ≤ 1.31 | 1.10 (0.82–1.49) | 0.521 | 1.11 (0.82–1.50) | 0.506 |
| LDL-C/HDL-C ≥ 3.19 | 1.54 (1.15–2.06) | 0.003* | 1.55 (1.16–2.07) | 0.003* |
Abbreviations: TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, Non-HDL-C non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HR hazards ratio
Values were obtained from Cox proportional hazards regression models
Model 1 was adjusted for sex, age, education years, BMI, smoking and drinking status, diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease history and per se use of lipid-lowering medication and intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, SFA, PUFA, and MUFA
Model 2 was adjusted as for model 1 and for number of APOE ε4 alleles
∗P < 0.05