Table 4.
Subanalysis for risk of accelerated cognitive decline in dietary and serum cholesterol levels by different educational groups
| Variables | Elementary school (n = 418) | Junior middle school (n = 925) | Senior middle school (n = 764) | College and above (n = 407) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Dietary cholesterol, mg/d | 1.002 (0.9999–1.0034) | 0.063 | 0.999 (0.998–0.99998) | 0.046* | 1.001 (0.999–1.003) | 0.077 | 1.002 (1.000–1.003) | 0.041* |
| Q1(< 188) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Q2 (188–283) | 1.16 (0.60–2.24) | 0.666 | 1.12 (0.75–1.67) | 0.57 | 0.67 (0.38–1.16) | 0.153 | 0.66 (0.31–1.40) | 0.276 |
| Q3 (283–385) | 1.21 (0.60–2.43) | 0.596 | 0.77 (0.49–1.22) | 0.269 | 1.30 (0.78–2.16) | 0.309 | 1.72 (0.90–3.27) | 0.098 |
| Q4 (> 385) | 1.97 (0.95–4.11) | 0.07 | 0.90 (0.54–1.48) | 0.667 | 1.47 (0.85–2.56) | 0.171 | 1.49 (0.72–3.11) | 0.287 |
| Egg intake, g/d | 1.006 (0.998–1.014) | 0.119 | 0.996 (0.991–1.001) | 0.155 | 1.008 (1.002–1.014) | 0.013* | 1.010 (1.001–1.018) | 0.020* |
| Q1(< 21) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Q2 (21–45) | 0.92 (0.47–1.80) | 0.817 | 0.71 (0.48–1.04) | 0.076 | 0.86 (0.50–1.46) | 0.572 | 0.72 (0.37–1.41) | 0.337 |
| Q3 (45–60) | 1.72 (0.90–3.28) | 0.103 | 0.87 (0.57–1.33) | 0.527 | 1.50 (0.90–2.47) | 0.116 | 1.02 (0.55–1.87) | 0.96 |
| Q4 (> 60) | 1.18 (0.61–2.26) | 0.623 | 0.73 (0.48–1.10) | 0.128 | 1.58 (0.95–2.62) | 0.08 | 1.79 (0.97–3.29) | 0.062 |
| Serum cholesterol, mmol/L | ||||||||
| TC, mmol/L | 1.42 (1.10–1.82) | 0.006* | 1.06 (0.91–1.25) | 0.433 | 1.08 (0.93–1.26) | 0.313 | 1.258 (1.002–1.578) | 0.048* |
| TC ≤ 5.20 mmol/L | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| TC > 5.20 mmol/L | 2.00 (1.25–3.21) | 0.004* | 0.97 (0.69–1.37) | 0.868 | 1.10 (0.75–1.62) | 0.638 | 1.82 (1.12–2.94) | 0.015* |
| TG, mol/L | 0.86 (0.68–1.08) | 0.183 | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | 0.622 | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | 0.643 | 0.97 (0.80–1.19) | 0.783 |
| TG ≤ 1.70 mmol/L | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| TG > 1.70 mmol/L | 0.94 (0.58–1.50) | 0.786 | 0.95 (0.70–1.28) | 0.742 | 1.13 (0.80–1.58) | 0.491 | 0.91 (0.58–1.42) | 0.669 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.88 (0.95–3.74) | 0.071 | 0.99 (0.60–1.64) | 0.977 | 1.13 (0.61–2.09) | 0.705 | 1.73 (0.78–3.82) | 0.177 |
| 1.70 ≥ HDL-C ≥ 1.04 mmol/L | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| HDL-C < 1.04 mmol/L | 1.28 (0.71–2.32) | 0.414 | 0.98 (0.68–1.42) | 0.922 | 0.62 (0.39–1.002) | 0.051 | 0.67 (0.38–1.19) | 0.169 |
| HDL-C > 1.70 mmol/L | 2.29 (1.23–4.27) | 0.009* | 1.25 (0.75–2.08) | 0.399 | 0.91 (0.43–1.94) | 0.806 | 1.14 (0.47–2.76) | 0.763 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 1.56 (1.16–2.10) | 0.003* | 1.18 (0.98–1.42) | 0.076 | 1.23 (1.03–1.45) | 0.020* | 1.32 (1.02–1.70) | 0.032* |
| LDL-C ≤ 3.12 mmol/L | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| LDL-C > 3.12 mmol/L | 2.71 (1.71–4.29) | < 0.001* | 1.34 (0.98–1.83) | 0.07 | 1.57 (1.12–2.21) | 0.009* | 1.81 (1.16–2.82) | 0.008* |
| Non-HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.40 (1.06–1.85) | 0.019* | 1.08 (0.91–1.27) | 0.394 | 1.09 (0.92–1.28) | 0.325 | 1.25 (0.97–1.59) | 0.081 |
| Non-HDL-C < 3.4 mmol/L | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Non-HDL-C ≥ 3.4 mmol/L | 2.06 (1.29–3.31) | 0.003* | 1.28 (0.95–1.73) | 0.098 | 1.55 (1.11–2.16) | 0.010* | 1.79 (1.16–2.77) | 0.009* |
| LDL-C/HDL-C | 1.30 (0.94–1.80) | 0.108 | 1.23 (0.99–1.53) | 0.065 | 1.18 (0.98–1.42) | 0.077 | 1.13 (0.85–1.52) | 0.405 |
| 1.31 < LDL-C/HDL-C < 3.19 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| LDL-C/HDL-C ≤ 1.31 | 1.43 (0.66–3.09) | 0.363 | 1.15 (0.73–1.80) | 0.544 | 0.84 (0.42–1.71) | 0.636 | 1.25 (0.57–2.73) | 0.583 |
| LDL-C/HDL-C ≥ 3.19 | 1.89 (0.73–4.89) | 0.19 | 2.02 (1.20–3.42) | 0.008* | 1.36 (0.83–2.21) | 0.219 | 1.20 (0.62–2.30) | 0.589 |
Abbreviations: TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, Non-HDL-C non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HR hazards ratio
Values were obtained from Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for sex, age, BMI, smoking and drinking status, diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease history and per se use of lipid-lowering medication and intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, SFA, PUFA, MUFA and number of APOE ε4 alleles
Elementary school: ≤6 years of education; Junior middle school: 7–9 years of education; Senior middle school: 10–12 years of education; College and above: at least college or university; ≥13 years of education)
∗P < 0.05