Table 1.
Meta-analysis estimating the average proportion (in %) of each pathogen involved in the studies included and by continent
| Pathogens | Overall (n = 17) | Africa (n = 11) | Asia (n = 6) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proportion (RE model) | 95% CI | I2 (%) | p value | Proportion (RE model) | 95% CI | I2 (%) | p value | Proportion (RE model) | 95% CI | I2 (%) | p value | |
| E. coli | 8.8 | 5.3–12.9 | 94.7 | 1.8E-55 | 10.7 | 5.8–16.7 | 95.9 | 1.6E-43 | 5.5 | 2.4–9.7 | 83.1 | 0.001 |
| non typhoidal Salmonella | 6.5 | 2.1–12.8 | 98.1 | 2.0E-214 | 9.8 | 3.1–19.4 | 98.4 | 3.0E-138 | 2.1 | 0.0–8.1 | 94.9 | 9.7E-21 |
| S. Typhi | 6.1 | 0.3–17.5 | 99.3 | 8.4E-278 | 0.5 | 0.0–1.2 | 73.4 | 0.0002 | 26.2 | 0.8–68.5 | 99.5 | 1.1E-206 |
| Klebsiella sp. | 3.3 | 1.0–6.9 | 96.3 | 8.5E-100 | 1.8 | 0.2–4.6 | 94.5 | 3.2E-11 | 6.6 | 0.8–16.6 | 96.1 | 2.0E-44 |
| Unspecified Salmonella | 2.6 | 0.2–6.7 | 97.7 | 1.8E-124 | 2.3 | 0.0–7.6 | 97.9 | 9.1E-22 | 2.9 | 0.0–12.3 | 97.0 | 3.1E-67 |
| H. influenzae | 2.3 | 0.8–4.6 | 93.4 | 6.0E-71 | 2.8 | 0.6–6.2 | 95.1 | 6.5E-55 | 1.5 | 0.0–4.4 | 85.0 | 6.7E-06 |
| Pseudomonas sp. | 1.8 | 0.8–3.2 | 85.0 | 1.9E-17 | 0.90 | 0.3–1.8 | 70.8 | 3.5E-05 | 3.9 | 1.4–7.5 | 82.8 | 6.1E-06 |
| Acinetobacter sp. | 1.0 | 0.4–2.0 | 79.3 | 2.2E-14 | 1.0 | 0.2–2.2 | 82.2 | 7.9E-12 | 1.1 | 0.1–3.0 | 72.7 | 0.0001 |
| Enterobacter sp. | 0.5 | 0.3–1.0 | 51.8 | 0.007 | 0.5 | 0.1–1.1 | 62.7 | 0.001 | 0.7 | 0.2–1.5 | 16.6 | 0.54 |
| N. meningitidis | 0.3 | 0.0–0.6 | 47.8 | 0.007 | 0.2 | 0.0–0.6 | 46.3 | 0.032 | 0.6 | 0.0–2.0 | 66.6 | 0.02 |
| other GNB | 8.9 | 4.1–15.3 | 97.6 | 4.3E-114 | 10.5 | 4.2–19.0 | 97.9 | 6.6E-80 | 6.4 | 0.5–17.5 | 96.7 | 8.2E-38 |
| all GNB | 63.9 | 52.2–74.9 | 98.5 | 6.5E-147 | 54.8 | 45.1–64.4 | 96.8 | 1.5E-24 | 79.0 | 56.7–94.8 | 98.3 | 9.7E-55 |
| S. aureus | 13.8 | 7.7–21.2 | 97.7 | 7.3E-143 | 17.8 | 8.7–29.2 | 98.3 | 9.3E-134 | 7.7 | 3.3–13.6 | 89.0 | 3.2E-07 |
| S. pneumoniae | 12.6 | 6.3–20.7 | 98.1 | 1.8E-175 | 16.8 | 8.5–27.3 | 98.1 | 2.2E-84 | 6.3 | 0.3–17.9 | 97.0 | 2.3E-30 |
| other Streptococcus | 1.2 | 0.3–2.4 | 87.1 | 1.7E-18 | 1.0 | 0.2–2.2 | 82.7 | 4.4E-11 | 1.6 | 0.0–5.2 | 89.6 | 8.9E-10 |
| Group A Streptococcus | 0.7 | 0.2–1.4 | 71.5 | 1.2E-08 | 0.7 | 0.1–1.6 | 74.5 | 2.7E-07 | 0.7 | 0.0–2.1 | 66.1 | 0.01 |
| Enterococcus sp. | 0.3 | 0.0–0.8 | 66.9 | 0.0004 | 0.01 | 0.0–0.2 | 20.2 | 0.015 | 0.7 | 0.0–2.4 | 74.3 | 0.006 |
| other GPB | 1.4 | 0.4–2.9 | 89.6 | 9.2E-21 | 1.6 | 0.2–4.0 | 93.2 | 1.1E-19 | 1.13 | 0.1–3.0 | 72.2 | 0.002 |
| all GPB | 35.8 | 24.9–47.5 | 98.4 | 3.8E-146 | 45.18 | 35.6–55.0 | 96.8 | 1.5E-24 | 20.4 | 5.2–41.9 | 98.2 | 2.7E-52 |
| other species | 0.1 | 0–0.3 | 26.0 | 0.097 | 0 | 0.0–0.06 | 0.0 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.0–1.5 | 54.0 | 0.06 |
Abbreviations: RE random effect; 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; GNB Gram negative bacteria, GPB Gram positive bacteria