Table 2.
Antibiotic susceptibility tests by pathogen and continents
| Ampicillin | Third generation cephalosporins | Gentamicin | Amikacin | Chloramphenicol | Cotrimoxazole | Ciprofloxacin | Nalidixic acid | Clindamycin | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S. aureus | Africa | 37/369 (10.0) | 91/129 a (70.5) | 372/414 (89.9) | 0/0 (−) | 234/373 (62.7) | 180/351 (51.3) | 0/0 (−) | 0/0 (−) | 16/22 (72.7) |
| Asia | 12/77 (15.6) | 39/43 a (90.7) | 155/186 (83.3) | 63/81 (77.8) | 66/85 (77.6) | 63/79 (79.7) | 0/0 (0.0) | 0/0 (−) | 55/76 (72.4) | |
| Total | 49/446 (11.0) | 130/172 a (75.6) | 527/600 (87.8) | 63/81 (77.8) | 300/458 (65.5) | 243/430 (56.5) | 0/0 (−) | 0/0 (−) | 71/98 (72.4) | |
| S. pneumoniae | Africa | 531/569 b (93.3) | 132/132 (100.0) | 2/20 (10.0) | 0/0 (−) | 556/605 (91.9) | 347/596 (58.2) | 0/0 (−) | 0/0 (−) | 20/20 (100.0) |
| Asia | 25/32 b (78.1) | 0/0 (−) | 0/0 (−) | 0/0 (−) | 4/4 (100.0) | 1/5 (20.0) | 0/0 (−) | 0/0 (−) | 0/0 (−) | |
| Total | 556/601 b (92.5) | 132/132 (100.0) | 2/20 (10.0) | 0/0 (−) | 560/609 (92.0) | 348/601 (57.9) | 0/0 (−) | 0/0 (−) | 20/20 (100.0) | |
| E. coli | Africa | 13/236 (5.5) | 52/66 (78.8) | 183/265 (69.1) | 8/8 (100.0) | 79/281 (28.1) | 37/251 (14.7) | 9/9 (100.0) | 0/0 (−) | – |
| Asia | 27/105 (25.7) | 64/93 (68.8) | 37/66 (56.1) | 38/54 (70.4) | 41/109 (37.6) | 20/55 (36.4) | 38/60 (63.3) | 46/53 (86.8) | – | |
| Total | 40/341 (11.7) | 116/159 (73.0) | 220/331 (66.5) | 46/62 (74.2) | 120/390 (30.8) | 57/306 (18.6) | 47/69 (68.1) | 46/53 (86.8) | – | |
| Klebsiella sp. | Africa | 0/20 (0.0) | 0/0 (−) | 16/19 (84.2) | 8/8 (100.0) | 7/19 (36.8) | 6/18 (33.3) | 0/0 (−) | 0/0 (−) | – |
| Asia | 30/489 (6.1) | 123/477 (25.8) | 93/480 (19.4) | 247/471 (52.4) | 100/489 (20.4) | 12/18 (66.7) | 183/471 (38.9) | 15/18 (83.3) | – | |
| Total | 30/509 (5.9) | 123/477 (25.8) | 109/499 (21.8) | 255/479 (53.2) | 107/508 (21.1) | 18/36 (50.0) | 183/471 (38.9) | 15/18 (83.3) | – | |
| non-typhoidal Salmonella | Africa | 196/654 (30.0) | 94/94 (100.0) | 488/564 (86.5) | 9/10 (90.0) | 316/656 (48.2) | 232/646 (35.9) | 7/7 (100.0) | 0/0 (−) | – |
| Asia | 36/44 (81.8) | 39/39 (100.0) | 0/0 (−) | 0/0 (−) | 6/7 (85.7) | 39/44 (88.6) | 35/36 (97.2) | 7/7 (100.0) | – | |
| Total | 232/698 (33.2) | 133/133 (100.0) | 488/564 (86.5) | 9/10 (90.0) | 322/663 (48.6) | 271/690 (39.3) | 42/43 (97.7) | 7/7 (100.0) | – | |
| S. Typhi | Africa | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Asia | 333/499 (66.7) | 300/323 (92.9) | 139/190 (73.2) | 162/190 (85.3) | 332/493 (67.3) | 279/332 (84.0) | 210/245 (85.7) | 202/274 (73.7) | – | |
| Total | 333/499 (66.73) | 300/323 (92.9) | 139/190 (73.2) | 162/190 (85.3) | 332/493 (67.3) | 279/332 (84.0) | 210/245 (85.7) | 202/274 (73.7) | – | |
| H. influenzae | Africa | 80/157 (50.95) | 0/0 (−) | 22/23 (95.7) | 0/0 (−) | 70/147 (47.6) | 204/388 (52.6) | 0/0 (−) | 0/0 (−) | – |
| Asia | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Total | 80/157 (50.95) | 0/0 (−) | 22/23 (95.7) | 0/0 (−) | 70/147 (47.6) | 204/388 (52.6) | 0/0 (−) | 0/0 (−) | – | |
Results are shown as: n susceptible isolates/n isolates tested (%) aIn 2 studies [32, 33], we made the assumption that oxacillin susceptible isolates were susceptible to 3rd geneneration cephalosporins, whereas susceptibility to 3rd geneneration cephalosporins was specifically tested in 2 other studies [21, 28]
b S. pneumoniae isolates have been tested to penicillin